Effective team performance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Effective ag stem performance - Assignment ExampleTeam building concepts like Belbins Team Roles, Myers-Griggs Group Dynamics, encroach resolution and decision making were experienced as the group up progressed through team development stages of forming, norming and stroming as described by Tuckmans Team Development Model (Tuckman 1965). The team was faced with a fare of problems that occurred during its entire developmental process based on Tuckmans model (Beyerlein and Johnson 2000). Although improved collaboration, effective discourse and alignment of individual objectives with team objectives helped to overcome these problems, Kayes (2004) is of the opinion that these could have been prevented at the initial stages of the project. The project presented way out of opportunities to the team to remain engaged in number of activities that played significant role in transforming the convention into a glutinous and effective team. This report focuses on key stages in the devel opment of a cohesive team and the problems and conflicts faced during the process and steps taken to resolve these issues. The report also discusses key theories and concepts of team development and significance of their application in practical life and analyzes the transformation of experiences in reflective learning. worry and Context In this project, I formed part of a group that was entirely unknown to me and I had no earlier opportunity of working with them in similar circumstances. Due to this situation, I felt concern as I was totally confused about the group members, their behavior, said or unsaid protocols for group interaction and team objectives, as mentioned by Myers-Briggs (1998). Tuckman described it typical to the forming stage of the team development (Tuckman 1965). In forming stage, future of team and the team objectives are not much clear. Members try to know each former(a), switch personal information and make friends that help them to better respond to pressu re situation in future. alone as I gained more opportunities to interact and know other members, the anxiety transformed into confidence to in effect communicate and participate in the group activities. During the project, many problems like motivation, individual capability, ineffective communication and team dynamics as highlighted by Kayes (2004) surfaced. Team members were not focused on team objectives and were frequently be busy in their social and personal issues at the initial stages of team development. The team members belonged to diverse ethnic background that presented a potential source for diversity conflict (Goleman 2002). I believe that like me other group members being almost on the same parity had the similar experiences, as they were also jump and hesitant to communicate among each other at initial stages. Although these problems impeded task completion, team development, coherency and improving collaboration and coordination among the members but these provi ded opportunities to respond effectively to a particular situation and progress towards team development (Chaney and Lyden 2000). McManus (2000) stresses that teams are stronger in commitment, cohesion and understanding of objectives than the groups. Therefore, skills like self-awareness, self management, competence, social awareness and descent management highlighted by Goleman (2002) as Emotional Intelligence played a key role in bonding team together towards common goal. Despite all the

Business Communication Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Communication - Coursework Example affected role cross-files are strictly governed by two very important Laws which are Data Protection movement and homophile Rights Act. These laws apply directly so that these records are kept strictly confidential and they may be accessed only by the health care professionals treating a patient, that too with prior consent of the patient. No record can be made public. As per the Data Protection Act, the NHS and other organizations ensure that any own(prenominal) information collected while maintaining or updating these records is used solely for the purpose to gather information which would ensure quality service is provided to the patient and that such information is kept strictly private and confidential. both breach of the Data Protection Act is considered a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment. Similarly, The Human Rights Act also calls for having every individuals privacy to be respected, which includes the right of the p atients to keep their health records secure. This includes delegating proper roles and responsibility for data quality, making sure that activities are properly coordinated with the uphold of tasking or creating the right channels, maintaining proper communications with the specialists involved in support, combining activity and Information formation, making sure that information systems are kept up to date and ensuring that all those involved in data entering and monitoring are fully aware of their job responsibilities when it comes to maintaining the records accurately.

Independent research study - BBA Hospitality Management Paper

Independent study - BBA Hospitality commission - Research Paper ExampleThe social media affects communication in diverse sections and social groups in the world. preferably of mass communication, there ar mass communicators (Runion, 2010). This is because the power and authorities of traditional communication channels ar losing their rigours and new and smaller channels are developing by dint of the social media like Twitter and Facebook.In December, 1995, there were only 16 million internet users and this represented just 0.4% of the worlds population at that metre (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2011). However, today, 30.4% of the worlds population is hooked onto the Internet and this represents 2.1 billion people (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2011. Many people cut down a lot of their time online these days. Some go online to check their mails whilst others maintain links with interest groups, family, friends, experienced school mates and other relatives living overseas through s ocial media networks.In her assessment of her statistics on the social media industry, Evans identifies interesting facts about the social media network (2011). She identifies that there were 21 million Twitter users in the United States in 2011. She states that 40% of bloggers describe themselves as professional so they spend a substantial time working on the internet. Secondly she indicates that 60% of all Fortune 500 companies conduct care over the popular social network site, Facebook. Facebook has over 800 million users around the globe this makes it one of the biggest stringency of the potential market that exists for all goods and services (LA Times, 2011).This means that more and more people are pass their time on the Internet and on social network sites. Also, a vast community of professionals are evolving, who spend time and acquire skills which is sufficient to help build the social network as a good place to do business. This therefore means that the social network a re appropriate outlets through which businesses can operate and make profit.

ART-opinion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART-opinion paper - Essay ExampleThe visit to the artistic production gallery was a memorable one, since one could devote sufficient time to browsing and discussing unique aspects nigh the art pieces with the helpful attendant on duty at that time. Also, since the visit was during afternoon hours, there were some visitors around, and a leisurely viewing was possible.The glass-fronted facade of the gallery permits an exciting view into the interiors, which atomic number 18 well illuminate with the help of numerous focus lights from the dark ceiling. Inside the gallery, the interiors are designed for displaying art pieces at their best. Backgrounds in pastel shades such as peach walls and surfaces, and sky-blue stands hold Western contemporary and digest paintings, graphite and pastel drawings, sculptures, photography, raku pottery, bowls, designer jewellery and blown glass art pieces, each unique and classifiable. The eclectic collection of art in several mediums and genres fro m various sources, artists and craftsmen, is representative of some of the best in creative thinking from the western world. wholly the artists associated with the art gallery are local and regional Denver artists who are highly talented, some of whom have been nationally and internationally recognized for their artistic abilities. These original art works are infused with the energy, knowledge and spirit of the artists whose creative skills are captured as a moment in time. Artists develop their distinctive style or technique over several years of formal and informal training go progressively mastering their craft.The paintings of wild animals in their natural habitats such as a doe and her youngish fawn, those of nature, country scenes and extraordinary sky-scapes compete for space with urban life depicted through towering sky-scrapers and buildings. All the art works are worthy of gracing any distinguished home, office or other space. The inherent value of fine art increases progressively and is a good

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 26

Human Resource Management - Essay idealThis was because in my sociology studies I had learned that culture was something that occurred naturally and not necessarily a HRM practice. In reality, I did not think that organizational culture had anything to do with the success or failure of an organization and to me the wardrobe on culture was overrated. People from diverse cultures might consider the same situation in miscellaneous ways. Productivity may rise in a multicultural work environment as individually employee brings diverse talents and skills that can be used to solve challenges. One thing that I did not understand was how these differences could bring about conflict in the work place (Schizas, 2009).In rove to understand just how culture is crucial to the success of an organization, I studied IBM. IBM is a multinational corporation that has over 400,000 employees and in various parts of the world. My major reason for choosing IBM is because the company has a big presence in Asia and this meaning that the business practices that are applied in the United States are not likely to be applicable in Asia or Africa and this call for a change in the organizational culture. My main reason for projection this study is to find out exactly if organizational culture is important to the organization in stressful to achieve its financial goals.To achieve my objective, I will look at the existing literature on organizational culture and how it affects businesses. I will however pay close attention to IBM especially on the changes that they have made in their organizational culture with a view to establishing if this has borne any fruits or not. on the way, I will also be looking at some of the changes that the company has undertaken in order to realign its HR practices and strategies to enable it to move away from its traditional methods and to adopt new approaches. In the research, I will also seek to establish some of the common errors that are

The global cold war in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The global arctic war in Latin America - Essay ExampleAnother important factor that helped to entertain Latin America was the defeat engineered by Fidel Castro in Cuba. It was of great importance since it helped in determining how the join states would come up with policies and how they would be implemented. The policies were concerned with mainly the social and economic welfare of the people. Furthermore, the Defeat by Fidel Castro saw the alienation of American companies in the whole Latin America. This was a drawback to the United States and as he signed pacts and treaties that benefited the economy and military of his country.Cold war in Latin ends with the end in Fidel Castros revolution. At the moment, the Latin America had little or no support from the neighboring nations that is Moscow and United States. Since it became an unaffectionate place, it sized to be the strategic point after the cold war. In the end, it becomes of no value to the both countries, which implied t hat they attained little help in building their political and economic pillars.Rwanda, Somalia, and Yugoslavia are among the many countries that down experienced instances and situations of mass violence. Many other countries were being affected by mass violence at an alarming rate and this resulted in the emergence of support organizations such as United Nations Conventions for the prevention and penalisation of the crime of Genocide.The United Nations had to take action especially after the mass violence genocide in Rwanda and the ethnic killings in Yugoslavia.

David irving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

David irving - Essay ExampleHis main works are The Destruction of Dresden (1963), Hitlers warfare (1977), Uprising (1981), Churchills War (1987), and Goebbels Mastermind of the Third Reich (1996).Through his authorships he has tried to revive the electr wholenessgative image of Nazis and Hitler. He has denied the happening of holocaust and in his book Nuremberg The Last combat (1996) he claims that nearly 46,000 names that were reported to be dead in the concentration camps died of disease and were non murdered (Evans, 2002). Claims like these and his consistent denial of Holocaust, hatred towards Jews and his support for Hitler and Nazis through his piece of music has lead to him to face legal suites. Experts and other historians claim that all his work is no substance and discover his own ideology. Even though he claims and discoveries in his are sensational and true, the common opinion among the pedantic world is that it is all lies and made up. As a result of his denial of the holocaust and for consistently enactment false and negative information, he was sentenced for three years in 2006.I believe that he is one of the great minds and writers of the 20th century but channeled all his work and energy towards negativity. His intellectual wisdom and writing could have made a positive impact on the world if he had developed a positive ideology about events during his

Summerize Law and Ethics in theraputic radiology Chapter 13 ( order#2) Essay

set Law and Ethics in theraputic radiology Chapter 13 ( order2) - Essay ExampleOther legislative acts protecting federal employees include the Civil Service Reform Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act, and the Department of plea Authorization Act. However, there are also federal protections for private sector employees, such as the pushing Reorganization Act, the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (well-known as OSHA), and retaliation protection under various non-discrimination statutes. 24 states also have their own protections for whistleblowers.Common legal philosophy protection for whistleblowers in the courts come backs under the system for fighting wrongful termination. These are the same laws that protect, for example, workers who test compensation for work-related injuries. In order to be covered under these protections, the employee must have been fired for each asking for some(a)thing to which they were legally entitled or for refusing to perform a job duty that was illegal. Whistleblowers generally fall under the second category. These protections exist in most but not all states in some states, these are not recognized as exceptions to the at-will employment

Total Reward (Google) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Total Reward (Google) - Essay congresswomanng high compensation that is contingent on the performance of the employee higher salary that what is normally remunerative for a comparable job and specific performance related incentives, such as bonuses. As Pfeffer (1998) points out, star of the means most companies use to attract high calibre employees to their organization is to offer them high salaries and added pecuniary benefits.In the case of Google, the Company not only offers a good monetary package, it also offers another(prenominal) rewards such as a sum of up to $8000 a course of instruction in tuition reimbursement, unmeasured sick leave and 27 days of paid time off after a year of employment. (www.greatplacetowork.com). Additionally, the Company also provides employees the opportunity to avail of a five year leave of absence to observe an education worth up to $150,000. Additional perks are also available on the job, such as medical, dental and child care facilities, v alet parking and free meals.A total rewards programs helps employees to feel do and valued. It helps them feel that their organization really cares about them and about their welfare. A study that was carried out by Batt (2002) to discover the relationship between the quit rates of employees in call centres and their organizational performance to the kind of kind-hearted resource reward practices that were being used at the firm. The findings in this study showed that quit rates were pooh-pooh and there were high levels of sales growth in those call centres where employees participated in decision making and were offered HR incentives such as job security and high levels of pay.Since there is a great demand for adroit employees in the workforce, the level of competition among employers to attract such employees is high and the offer of greater monetary benefits may serve to achieve this objective. Google requires very skilled and talented employees and its higher salaries, bo nuses and incentives have proved to be very effective, because it is ranked as one of the best

Subject matter must be directly related to the financial issues Essay

Subject matter essential be right off related to the financial issues covered in the course.the sourse of your analysis should be from - Essay ExampleHowever forward one chooses a particular fund source he/she needs to consider a mo of factors with the first one being the risks associated with fund source. The organization in need of pay should also treasure the kind of relationship they are likely to engage with the potential funder and most importantly, the personifys associated with the financing requirements. The approach of fund source is an important consideration for an organization when in need of raising additional gold. The approach of chapiter, which is the cost of funds to be used for financing an operation undertaken by the organization can be understood from three main perspectives namely investor, company and mode of financing. From an investor point of view, cost of keen refers to the fortune cost of choosing a particular investment over others. Most inve stors with a diversified portfolio ofttimes retain a wide array of investment opportunities where they can invest their cash but they often favour for a specific investment. Pratt and Grabowski (2010) assert that the decision to invest in a specific investment often made based on the rate of return earned over that specific investment compared to others. ... The rank of return from ABC inform of bond interest and UVW which is inform of divided pull up stakes play a critical role in informing the investors decision to make investment especially if they are of similar risk considering that each comes with its own opportunity cost. In other words, cost of capital is comparable to the internal Rate of return (IRR) which measures the desirability of a wide range of projects. From a company perspective, cost of capital refers to the measurable cost of getting funds from a particular source in order to finance a particular project. For instance, company that uses loan from a bank t o finance its projects, its cost of capital will be the money needed to compensate the bank inform of loan interest. Armitage (2005) elucidate that cost of capital is a crucial benchmark for making financial decisions relating to investments in a new project by companies. This is because it forms the minimum amount of return that the owner of funds will require before issuing funds to the company inform of capital. In other words, the company must be able to pay the cost associated with a particular fund source before acquiring funds. This means that the returns from the project to be financed must be higher than the average cost of obtaining the capital to finance it. Companies are known for borrowing money to finance different projects such as expansion programs, product development, and purchase assets and they often cost of acquiring funds as their basis for project evaluation as projects with low returns and high cost of finance cannot be financed (Lumby & Jones, 2003). For ins tance an organization that

Dq-4-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq-4-Sheila - Essay Exampleexample, the pillow slip study provided in this look for involves study the effects of the 2010 murder in Northern Illinois University among p arnts, students as easy as the Faculty members.Normally this is the second step in implementing any type of research design. The objectives are usually formulated to serve a purpose of a guiding formula for undertaking a research they are usually formulated in a realistic and manageable to ensure that the research meets all the intended objectives for instance (Alter, 2013) The case study provided, could be guided by an objective of studying and identifying the psychological effects of the 2010 murder among students and other concerned stakeholders. there are different types of data. However, it is usually life-or-death for any tec to identify and determine the appropriate data that his intended research will require. Additionally, the researcher should identify and state the sources of data, taking in consider ation the nature of his/her study for example if the research is a case study, the researcher could opt for qualitative or quantitative data recorded in books as well as other primary sources of data that could be collected through interviews (Alter, 2013). This information is usually properly stated at the beginning of the research for readers to have an insight regarding the intended research dimensions presented.There are different proficiencys applied in collecting research data however, the criteria for selecting any research technique is usually based on the type of data needed, taking into consideration the research design as well as the objectives for instance, a theoretical research would majorly depend on qualitative data, which can be collected through focus group interviews or even observation (Bryman & Cramer, 2011).This is the fifth step of implementing a research design identification of a study scope is crucial for purposes of determining the sample size of it as we ll as the geographical coverage of a

Literature Review on Nursing Home Quality Essay

Literature Review on Nursing Home Quality - Essay ExampleThis web settle contains a study on quality melioration programs in nursing home bases in various states. The site claims that the purpose of this study is to inform state and federal policymakers about state-initiated quality improvement programs, with the particular goal of providing breeding to states that may wish to develop correspondent programs in their state.An independent site that provides information on various medical facilities including nursing homes. The site contains information on quality efforts by IPRO in the state of New York alone. The site claims that IPRO has entered into the 8th Scope of mould (SOW) as the Medicare Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) for New York State. IPROs Nursing Home Quality Improvement (NHQI) team works with nursing homes throughout the state to help improve the quality of care for nursing home residents by providing facilities with complimentary clinical resources, qualit y improvement materials, and, where indicated or requested, 11 technical support.This site provides effective information concerning nursing homes in the US. The site deals particularly with the NURSING HOME REFORM trifle OF 1987 and any information pertaining to that can be accessed on this site.It is an excellent site containing important information on elderly abuse in nursing homes. This site helps consumers identify signs of elderly abuse and directs them to seek legal help in their states.This article addreArticlesThe Extent of Quality Improvement Activities in Nursing Homes -- Lee and Wendling 19 (6) 255 -- American Journal of Medical QualityThis article addresses the problem of quality of nursing home care, which it recognizes as a cause of concern. The article discusses in detail the Nursing Home Quality Initiative launched by the federal government, which is meant to improve quality (QI). In order to assess the effectiveness of this initiative, the article examines the p reparation do for the implementation of QI. The data comes from surveys of two Kansas nursing homes and it is found that most answers are

Social Determinants of behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

cordial Determinants of behaviour - Essay ExampleSocial Determinants of behaviourThis paper focuses on the mental approach to explaining the reasoning behind damaged behavior placid occurring in society today despite hearty sanctions that have been station in place against it. blackball behavior involving prejudice has been punished over the past several decades due to social sanctions being coif into place. These sanctions have resulted in umpteen individuals who would otherwise display prejudice behavior to change their stance or to at least keep their opinions to themselves and not act out in public. However, quite a minute of arc of prejudice behavior still appears in society despite these social sanctions being put into place. in that location is a social psychological reason for this prejudice behavior continuing in society today. Among the things add to this fact are social cognitive processes such as stereotypes and categorization, as well as psychological theories, concepts, and research.According to Kanlouh, Koh, and Mil, In culturally diverse and immigrant receiving societies, immigrant youth can be subject to prejudice and discrimination. much(prenominal) experiences can impact on immigrant youths cultural personal identity and influence their psychosocial outcomes. Four main themes emerged on participants experiences of prejudice and discrimination (a) societal factors influencing prejudice (b) personal experiences of discrimination (c) fear of disclosure and silenced cultural identity and (d) resiliency and strength of cultural identity. Policies and practices that are inclusive in nature need to be put into place in order to counteract the disintegration of youth. The problem is not limited to just public culture. A big problem occurs in school systems throughout the world as well. According to Valeo (2009, pg. 1), Ontarios trustworthy education system is struggling with the task of fully including children with disabilities in the regular classrooms of their neighbourhood school. While many educators understand that it is wrong to deny admission to publicly funded schools because the child may be Black or female, they nonetheless feel that segregation of students with disabilities is warranted and not discriminatory. An examination of their experiences using a narrative format seems to raise that the institution of education has never welcomed difference in any form and at issue is not whether education can ever welcome students with disabilities, but whether it was created to be anything but an exclusive enterprise.Some hoi polloi believe that prejudice occurs naturally, as in people are born with it, and that it does not develop as a result of society. Others disagree. They claim that it occurs because of how a person is raised, the situations that occur around him or her, or the like. In arguing the latter point of view, prejudice may occur as a result of the founding of institutions, the status of a p articular individual compared with those around him or her, a persons role in society, laws, spirit systems, the overall distribution of the population, social currents, the experiences of groups, emotions, and urbanization (Valeo, 2009).There are both formal and informal social sanctions. An example of formal sanctions includes the law of the land. Examples of informal sanctions i

I know why the caged bird sings (Author- Maya Angelou) Essay

I know why the caged bird sings (Author- Maya Angelou) - Essay ExampleMaya cogitate innocenceness to beauty since in the society she lived snow-clad people were perceived as beautiful and gorgeous (Angelou, 14). Similarly, in the real world, many black skinned individuals go for the option of using bleaching chemicals to make their skins white believing that they would look good.In chapter 1, Maya describes her stay in the south as putting a shave to ones throat because of being a black girl. She went through hard times since racism was rampant at the time (Angelou, 10). Many issues argon brought out in because of racism such as frustration, embarrassment, and disillusionment. She felt that black people were not seen as full Americans, and her alienation with her people made her observe displaced and unwanted. In relating to the real world scenario, racism still exists, and many black Americans feel that they are displaced in their own country (Angelou, 3). For this reason, bla ck Americans and other minor races living in America, are discriminated hence, do not share the countrys resources equally.In chapter 7, Momma was scared of speaking rudely and harshly to the white people. She could only do this while generically referring to the whites as they. Maya further refers Momma as a realist quite than a coward in the society for this reason (Angelou, 18). Relating to the scenario to real world it is true that some black Americans are oppressed and forced to believe that whites are superior in the society. They believe that high ranks in the political science are only for

Business Process Recommendations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

duty Process Recommendations - Essay ExampleProcess intend is another area that requires improvement. Improved process planning go out allow for the implementation of more efficient business processes. Since the products contain many similar part and sub-assemblies, we recommend designing a revised assembly process that includes elements of both mass production and mass production. A production line for standard subassemblies will feed the other lines that will produce the intravenous feeding different models.An improved inventory management system is required to allow for adequately meeting guest demands, efficient assembly operations, and cost control. We recommend implementing a continuous inventory system at GTNT. With prissy implementation, it is a valuable tool that will control inventory levels, eliminate stock outs, and also lessen risk and total cost. The various move for the four models should be located directly adjacent to the production line, so they are easil y accessible. Once all the necessary improvements are implemented there will be neither more finger neither pointing nor bickering amongst team outgrowths, in contrary, the communication and workflow will improve. After having an accurate forecast, a better inventory system process and making parts accessible to the team next to the production lines will allow the team members to work cohesively with each other. For example, the impudently forecast will allow for better planning and management that will communicate to the team members daily, weekly and monthly expectations.

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas hum hearSecondly, dickens A Christmas Carol is a story with a happy resolution. This is another key intellectual for its measure appeal. The reviewer is taken through and through a wide range of emotions but in the concluding stave the only emotions are of happiness and anticipate. We see happiness throughout the stave and this prompts the reader to apply for more feel in the characters future. This is important as it reflects the spirit of Christmas for many people and it was how Dickens believed Christmas should be. He appears to have achieved his aim of reversing the decline of Christmas celebrations at the time of writing the novel.Its enduring appeal is that it continues to be a reminder of the true meaning of Christmas. Dickens titles Stave Five as The End of it this appears to suggest that thither should be no other meaning to Christmas except joyfulness and compassion for others. We learn that these are the kernels that Dickens wanted to haunt thei r ho employment pleasantly as stated in the preface. This also implies that he wants the messages delivered in the novel to live on and remain with the reader. During this stave when grouch speaks his sentences, they often end with exclamation attach which shows that he is now in a more pleasant mood.This adds a sense of excitement at heart the reader which contributes to the Christmas spirit shown in the stave. The use of exclamation marks sorts in this stave as they are used positively which subscriber lines to the earlier staves when Dickens uses them negatively when associated with Scrooge. The narrators voice assures the reader that Scrooges transformation was long lasting and complete. The narrators omniscient view of the future explains that Scrooge went on to become not only a scrap father to Tiny Tim but also as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man. By the end the reader feels that they have been immersed into Scrooges world and changed with him. The aud ience spate sense the warmth and compassion that surrounds Scrooge now. The last line as Tiny Tim observed, God evoke Us, Every One summarizes how Dickens believes the spirit of Christmas should be. It is significant that the last line is from Tiny Tim as he symbolizes how Christmas can be enjoyed and celebrated despite not having the luxuries that others may have. It also leaves us with the final message that the quality of goodwill does not only lie with the characters but the readers as well.The concluding feeling of joy and hope symbolizes all that Christmas re evidences and is one of the reasons that A Christmas Carol remains popular today. Another key replication in this novel is the potential to change and the redemption of a character. It engages the reader in the novel as they want to see Scrooge change so they are encouraged to continue reading. It also maintains the themes of hope and goodwill that is associated with Christmas. At the beginning Scrooge is seen as a c old miserable character that expresses no joy at Christmas.During Stave Two we see his potential for change as we realise that he did once have friends and family which shows that Scrooge was not always heartless and unkind. He remembers the little boy that came sing carols and his nephew earlier and is remorseful that he did not treat them better. The spirit takes Scrooge to a place where he used to work and is reminded how he had enjoyed Christmases in the past. Scrooges transformation continues through the night as the ghost of Christmas present shows him the Cratchit household who are a loving family even though they have no money.Scrooge shows business organization for Tiny Tim the little crippled boy in the family. This shows that he is beginning to change as he takes an interest in other peoples well being. The last stave is where we see a drastic change in Scrooges behaviour. His merry attitude towards Christmas is seen when he says A merrier Christmas, curtsy, my good fe llow, than I have given you, for many a year Ill raise your salary, and endeavour to assist your struggling family. From this we can see that Scrooge has a new kindness within him. It shows that Scrooge has realised that he has not treated Bob well and that he will try to make amends.It also suggests that Scrooge is now more gracious and generous. We also see that Scrooge is again thinking about others assist your struggling family which is an extreme contrast to Stave One If they would rather die they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. A Christmas Carol remains as popular as ever. This is because it continues to be relevant to todays society. Dickens wanted to cut through the materialism of Christmas and remind people of its real meaning, which is a time to be joyous and charitable.Dickens use of strong language when describing Scrooges character at the beginning is to demonstrate that there is always a opening night of change and redemption of a character. This allows the reader to believe that there is some goodness in all. It creates feeling of hope, warmth and joy that is linked to Christmas. In A Christmas Carol Dickens use of language makes the reader feel that they are amongst the action. It conjures up all the range of emotions that a human being experiences and ultimately results in happiness, which is an emotion everyone strives for.

Method of Inquiry Essay Example for Free

Method of Inquiry EssayThe method of inquiry is ground on gathering observable, factual and measureable evidence. Basically, methods of inquiry argon ways that an investigator gathers the information for the case that they are investigating. Methods of inquiry are used in criminal investigation by collecting evidence, statement collection, and exhalation through electronic databases and even the internet. The methods of inquiry are all used in conjunction to trace the plague scene.The methods are also used by utilizing the volt Ws, who, what, when, where, and why, and also how. There are three methods of inquiry that are used in an investigation and those are authority method, tenacity method, and intuition. An physical exertion of a method of inquiry is when an investigator is collecting the statements from either the victims or witnesses. The investigator will replete all the information and evidence that is collected, compile it all together and come up with the recon struction of the crime that was committed.The optimal mindset of an investigator is unrivaled that is able to look for the motive of the crime that is at legislate and able to investigate all the possibilities of even the most obvious evidence that has been gathered. In my own opinion, I think that an optimal mindset is where the investigator can process all the evidence at hand, in their mind and come up with a conclusion of what occurred. Also I believe that the mindset is one that can be taught through training and experience.The scientific method is a systematic approach of observation, surmisal formation, hypothesis testing and hypothesis evaluation that forms the basis for modern science. There are anywhere from five to eight steps in the scientific method. However, all versions of the scientific method involve the person onerous to solve the problem experimenting to find an answer. A prudent criminal investigator will apply the scientific method within the course of his o r her investigation to ensure that an investigation is done neutrally and without basis.

Career Opportunities with Commerce Education Essay Example for Free

Career Opportunities with Commerce Education EssayCommerce Education As a stream of study, Commerce can be studied right after 10 age of schooling. After the 10 years of schooling commerce is available as an option in 10+2 or the Higher Secondary level. This paves the way for higher studies in commerce related subjects. The at a lower placegrad and postgraduate Education in Commerce is exceling gameed at University departments and colleges spread all across the country. Specializations are offered at post graduate and at research levels. A number of subjects can be studied at a lower place disciplines of Commerce in conjugation like accountancy, economics, mathematics, business, finance etc. Most commerce colleges in India offer the following subjects Business economics This would cover concepts like the laws of demand and supply, law of returns, elasticity, theory of pricing under varied market forms etc. Financial accounting This subject would deal with the preparation of profit and neediness statements, balance sheets and final accounts of a company, knowledge of Indian and international accounting standards, calculation of depreciation and evaluation of shares and securewill of a company.Cost accounting This would include process, Job and contract costing, costing of overheads, standard nd variance costing and budgetary control. Income evaluate This would encompass the nature and basis of charge of income tax, tax planning, tax deduction, incomes not taxable etc. Business finance This would include in its scope financial analytic thinking as a diagnostic tool, the management of working outstanding and its components as well as capital structure leverages. Business law This subject would discuss the different laws in India relating to, among others, the Companies Act and the Consumer Protection Act.Programs scissure in Commerce Education S. No. Traditional Programs Following study programs are offered by different niversity departments an d colleges in India. 1 Intermediate in Commerce (Class X) This is the preliminary stage (senior secondary level) where students get bedrock of commerce education. This is a two year course offered by various central boards (viz. CBSE, ICSE), state boards and councils. 2 Eligibility Criteria A candidate must have terminate 15 years of age and 10 years of schooling during the time of gate for this program. 3 Under Graduate (UG) Programs In general, B.Com. (Bachelor of Commerce) is awarded under this program. There whitethorn be two options. One can simply take up 3Com as a pass course or can take up with honours. Eligibility Criteria A candidate must have terminate 17 years of age and 12 years of schooling during the time of admission for this program. Candidate likewise requires fulfilling the eligibility criteria laid by the University / Institutions / Departments in which he / she seek admission. 5 Post Graduate (PG) Program In general, M. Com. (Master of Commerce) in relevant discipline is awarded under this program.One has to choose candidate must have completed Bachelors Degree during the time of admission. He / she also require fulfilling the eligibility criteria laid by the university department in which admission is sought. Master of Philosophy (M. Phil. ) This is pre doctoral program offered by various university departments. Generally admission to this program is offered on the basis of Interview and past academic record. 8 Eligibility Criteria This program is offered to candidates who shows research aptitude and who have good academic record. The minimum eligibility criterion for admission into this program is M.

World War I Causes and Outcomes Essay Example for Free

gentleman struggle I Causes and Outcomes EssayThe causes of World War I include a growe rate of militarism, which was accompany by an arms race. Also imperialism, as economics and fighting for colonies among the atomic number 63an nations were prevalent. Alliances such as The leash Alliance and The Triple Entente also started the war along side nationalism.The effects of the war included 8.5 million deaths just from soldiers, 16.1 million in total, higher taxes, rationing of food and other products, a propaganda war, and famine. Germany was goddamned for the war so they owed millions of dollars in reparations to many different countries so Germany had to skyrocket their taxes and began a famine. Person all(prenominal)y, I believe that World War I could have been prevented if it werent for certain actions. For example, if Austria-Hungary had negotiated seriously with Serbia in July 1914, war could have been avoided. However, Germany egged Austria-Hungary on to be completely unreasonable. It turned out to be the result of a hundred little pressures all building up until eventually it just exploded. Also, if it werent for the three alliances it could have possibly been avoided.I would say that World War I was justified in the fact that Germany was trying to take over Europe in a very bad and hostile way so they had to be stopped. Its hard to say that a war that caused millions of deaths was justice but when you think about it, they had no right to take over Europe and wouldve hurt and killed many innocent civilians in the process. Germany ended up paying their debt to the war by owing reparations and money so in another sense it was justified.

The School of Athens by Raphael Essay Example for Free

The School of Athens by Raphael EssayThe School of Athens by Raphael is a heterogeneous movie with a fascinating composition. The subjects, building, composition and his use of color make it a compelling piece. This characterization is extremely decorative and complex. With various tools, Raphael was able to emphasize disaccordent aspects and pull the viewer into the work. Because of the colours utilize in the moving-picture show, and the setting, this moving picture seems to be of religious or educated figures.This painting has many subjects, most of which come to the fore to be male. Knowing that most renaissance paintings have both genders, one would conclude that there be a few females. All of the subjects ar wearing colorful, flowing robes. The fact that they have colorful attire on symbolizes a high rank. This rank is either of the church or of land. The highly crafted building the subjects are in leads the viewer to think that the rank is from the church or e ducation. In the middle, the subjects are surrounding 2 men. Everyone seems to be listening to the men.The men in the bottom left are reading or writing, what could be the primary mens words. The ones in the bottom right are surrounding a board on the chronicle and could be discussing the words of the men. With all of the conversing release on, and the layout of the people, one would assume that this is a lecture setting. This story is going on in a large, ornate, arched-ceiling building.This building is particolored from top to bottom. The main arch in the former has a very geometric pattern on it but the column connecting it to the ground is flowery. There is metal(prenominal) on the ceiling, on the decorative pieces between each painting. The top-left corner has a large rock painted on a background of favorable. There is a person standing behind it but the keenness of the painting cuts it off at the waist. Under the large rock painting, there is a smaller gold tree on a b lue background. These two colors are the epitome or wealthiness because they are the most costly to buy.In the top right corner, again cut off by the border of the painting, there is a group or what appear to be women. They are focused close to some type of animal in the middle. Below this is the same tree as the opposite side. The filling between the two large paintings and the smaller trees is all triangular. It has an ornate pattern in blue and gold, just now like the trees. In the bottom left-hand corner, there is a framed square, which looks like it is a mirror. The elan there is woodin it but no other bare wood anywhere in the picture makes it seem to be a reflection.Behind the large arch in the front, there is a hallway type of structure. It has a statue on each side with smaller carved scenes under them. The hallway, which opens up to a ceiling-less patio has statues, similar to the ones on the wall. The archways have geometric carved patterns covering the ceilings. Unl ike the play up arch, the background ones are white stone there is no paint or gold on them. As the arches become smaller and the sky becomes larger, the pure blue sky with fluffy white clouds begins to show. This painting is very realistic, because of the detail of ornamental pieces and because of the accuracy of the structure.The perspective is precise larger things are in the bring out and smaller things are in the background. Unlike earlier paintings, the building looks like you could walk through it. The collection plate of the subjects is also very accurate. Some earlier works had the most important characters larger and in the middle. The values, which differ in the arches, show depth. The arches are darker on the underside and on the right walls, to show a kick of light from the right. The people on the sides are not exact copies but the fact that they are on both sides makes the painting approximately symmetrical. The evenness of the arches also emphasizes the symmetric al characteristic. The composition of the image is made kindle by the complexity of the people. The empty building without the individuals in it would be an architectural study.The colors in this painting pull the viewer in. The use of gold in modesty, compared to many other paintings, makes the whole painting brighten. The colors on the robes are impressive. The subjects closer to the two in the middle have more primary and tributary colored gowns while the perimeter has primarily tertiary colored clothing. This may have to do with form or emphasis. As concluded earlier, the middle subjects are significant so to make them stand out, the robes are more vibrant. The archway in the front is much more decorative and frames the subjects underneath. With the arches in the back cosmos less showy, the foreground with the people stands out more.In conclusion, this painting has many facets and details, which could go unnoticed. Raphael stressed real parts by using color and framing. The context leads one to believe that the subjects are knowledgeable. With the color, composition and subjects combined, this painting is a significant piece. The School of Athens is an elaborate painting with a multifaceted story.

Posse Comitatus Act (1878) Essay Example for Free

posse Comitatus tour (1878) EssayThe Posse Comitatus Act is a unify States federal law which had been passed on June 16, 1878 as an outcome of cardinal sources, the counterbalance universe the end of the reconstructive memory Period. From the establishment of the Republic till the passing of the propel in question it had been standard practice to pip federal troops at polling spots in order to avoid inebriates from voting as healthful as to ascertain that those slew who would be entering the survey were sanctioned to do so in a period of restricted suffrage. As the Civil War ended, those federal troops were positioned in the polls in order to assure that worldwide manhood suffrage was allowed, and also that no previous assistant officers would be allowed to vote since all former Confederate officers were not allowed to vote nor to hold position to a higher pop out the state level and the end of the Civil War Reconstruction Period entails that implementation of the s aid restrictions ar no longer needed (Price, and Rectenwald, 2007). The second reason came from the terms on the western frontier in that fort commanders were usually the solitary law and order in a district, the solitary security for pioneers who be on the move to the west. The majority of these frontiers was still beyond the United States proper, and had not been allowed in the statehood. Fort commanders and so started to put into effect courtly law enforcement accountabilities, at times in a random manner, to straw those people they regard as criminals or Indians who are dangerous for the early settlers.The line of reasoning being that criminality and Indian assaults took place swiftly and necessitate swift action from those in powers who happens to be in the same location. They were also far away from Washington D.C. and thus the outcomes were at times infringements of the constitution and stipulations other than unsound to chosen civil authorities (Baker, 1999). The Act t hen was passed to veto the phalanx in civil law enforcement the Act also represents the long-established American dogma of separating civilian from host machine authorities as closely as to currently prohibit the use of Army and Air Forces in order to implement civilian laws. In the past 15 years, the Congress has intentionally worn down this belief by move the forces in drug prohibition in the United States border. This particular attrition would carry on unless the Congress renovates the Posse Comitatus Act principle to protect the crucial and traditional separation and distinction of civilian and military officials (Isenberg, 2002). The increasing swiftness with which the military is regarded as a universal remedy for domestic difficulties pull up stakes promptly destabilize the Posse Comitatus Act if it continue as it is unrestricted. Trivial exemptions to the Posse Comitatus Act could promptly develop into major exemptions. For an instance, in 1981, Congress make an exemption to the Posse Comitatus Act to sanction military participation in drug outlawing in the United States borders, later on, in 1989, Congress assigned the discussion section of Defense as the single lead agency in drug banning endeavors. The Posse Comitatus Act criminalizes, efficiently prohibiting, the utilization of Army or of the air Forces as a posse comitatus comitatus to implement the laws and regulations of US, it statesWhoever, shut out in cases and under circumstances expressly authorized by the constitution or Act of Congress, wilfully uses any part of the Army or Air Force as a posse comitatus or otherwise to execute the laws shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both (Young, 2003). While a criminal law, the Posse Comitatus Act has a more momentous function as a declaration of policy which represents the traditional American principle of the division among military and civilian authorities, which also happens o be one of the m ost vital guidelines of the United States form of regimen (Rossi, 2002). Major as well as trivial exemptions to the Posse Comitatus Act which permit the utilization of the military in law implementation tasks, distort the line which separates the tasks of the civilians from the military officials, destabilize civilian jurisdiction of the military, misemploy military alacrity, and ineffectually solve the difficulties that they allegedly deals with (Rossi, 2002). Moreover, amplifying the functions of the military would fortify the federal law implementation equipment which is at present, under close inspection for straining its power. While it appears to be kind, such augmentations in military allure renew the terror of past exceeds in limitations which occurred in the late 1960s (Rossi, 2002). As was mentioned earlier, the Posses Comitatus Act of 1878 occurred as an immediate response to the escalating use of the military for tasks meant for civilians during the Reconstruction per iod. On numerous instances military troops were called upon to master civil commotions, to aid in creating governments in the southern states, as well as to implement civil laws and regulations. This topic came to a start when Rutherford Hayes came triumphant in the questionable presidential election which took place in 1876.Allegations were rapidly made that military troops which were sent to southern states acted as a posse comitatus (power of the people) for federal marshals at the polls played a role in giving the president the required vote he needed to win the election. In 1878, a Democrat admitled house of Representatives sanctioned an army appropriations bill (20 Stat 145, 152) which hold language specifically banning the use of military troops as a posse comitatus, the act as a result, discarded the Mansfield Doctrine that military army could be put into use in civilian roles provided that they were subject to civilian laws and associated the use of the army with martial law.The things include in the said act basically, stayed unchanged save for the addendum of the Air Force in 1956 (70A Stat 626 (1956), withal the Congress has made some developments to the some of the radical exemptions to the act (ex. 10 USC 331, 10 USC 332, and the like) (Young, 2003). The Posse Comitatus act provided two situations in which the Act could be disregarded when an exemption is specifically approved by the Constitution and when Congress specifically permitted an exemption. The first of the said stipulations has generated much perplexity in the use of the Act especially since the Constitution holds no condition specifically allowing the utilization of the army to implement the law of the land. Majority of the texts discussing the constitutional exemptions of the Posse Comitatus act centers on the clash between the indirect and intrinsic constitutional influence and control of the President. This is mainly because the President also happens to be the Commander-in-Ch ief of the armed forces (Baker, 1999). The next condition which permits the exemptions to the Posse Comitatus act is congressional approval, and it has been put into use in two ways. First is by providing a division of the armed service with civilian law enforcement capacities, and second by setting up rules for detailed kinds of aid, on so doing, modifying univocal constitutional exemptions to correspond to particular situations (Baker, 1999). In the 1st case Congress has specifically allowed the coast check to execute law enforcement tasks during peacetime, most particularly of anti-drug laws (14 USC 2) which had also been mentioned earlier in this paper. During wartimes power for the chute shield passes on from the Department of Transportation to the Navy, yet under the constitutional exemptions made by Congress the Coast Guard could still perform its law enforcement tasks, it should also be taken into account that the Navy and leatherneck corps have been subjected to the Ac t in question by DoD Directive 5525.5 (1986, as amend in 1989) as well as by Secretary of the Instruction (SECNAVINST) 5820.7B (1988) (Isenberg, 2002). Secondly, congress has passed several sections of statute law allowing the use of the army backing and apparatus in helping civilian law enforcement (10 USC 371-82), majority of this canon was derived in 1981 pastime the state of affairs in the Wounded Knee. These state of affairs stalked from the 1973 occupation of a facility on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, and the following blockade, capture, and hearing of the American Indian Movement, throughout the course of the blockade the federal civilian law enforcement officials made wide interpenetrate use of information, personnel, and apparatus offered by the army.The support offered by the army eventually resulted to the weakening of the indictments against those people who had been seized, and it became apparent that Congress have to deal with the necessity for consti tutional prohibitions to the original act, in addition to the intelligent exemptions regarding offering civil law enforcement with help at times of civil disturbance (10 USC 331, 10 USC 332). The guidelines spread under the decrees offer for the conservation of federal possessions and government roles, and permits the use of army in state of collar when civil officials are incapable to control the state of affairs, further legislation has been passed including situations when nuclear materials is involved in the emergency (Young, 2003). It may seem that the Posse Comitatus Act 1878 represents the principle of the explicit division between the army and civilian forces, a tenet which had been a fundamental constituent of the US history. However, it is fascinating to take into mark off that one has ever been found guilty with infringement of 18 USC 1385, and as could be seen in the first part of this paper, Congress is quick in making exemptions for the sudden intrusion of the army (most notable of which is the vex against drugs) and this constant use of the army as well as the Congress amendment of the Act to use the military had been constant source of controversy up to this point in time.Works CitedBaker, Bonnie. The Origins of the Posse Comitatus. (1999) December 8, 2007 http//www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/home.htm.Isenberg, David. Posse Comitatus. (2002) December 8, 2007 http//www.cdi.org/terrorism/pcomitatus-pr.cfm.Price, Lori R., and Michael D. Rectenwald. The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878. (2007) December 8, 2007 http//www.legitgov.org/.Rossi, C. T. The Posse Comitatus Act Can We Maintain American Freedom Without It? (2002) December 8, 2007 http//www.enterstageright.com/.Young, Stephen. The Posse Comitatus Act. (2003) December 8, 2007http//www.llrx.com/.

Jet Blue Melt Down Essay Example for Free

Jet Blue immix Down EssayThe technology department at Jet Blue airlines let implement the political party during the melt down. There were many areas where if the technology department had been on top of its game this melt down would not have been nearly as bad as it was. These range from simple communications problems to issues with disjointed bags. The first area where technology let down those at Jet Blue was that of not world able to rebook flights on the internet. This was a major problem as because the website did not allow for passengers whose flights had been cancelled to reschedule they had to call agents. The problem here is many of these agents work from home and the governance was only capable of discussion 650 calls at a time.If the website had been able to allow nodes to rebook it would have taken a lot of the load attain of these agents. The second issue we have here is the system only allowed for 650 agents to be on the ph hotshots at a time. When you co nsider they have the normal everyday business a pertinacious with many flights being cancelled do angry passengers to call in to rebook this problem became magnified. Customer grew angry with the amount of time that they had to remain on hold to rebook flights.The next issue that lingered was that of being able to identify who owned the lost luggage. This system was a simple one as it only took the technology department 24 hours to design a system to locate these passengers and reunite them with their luggage. However, when you are already upset and angry 24 hours is quite a long time. This was an issue that never should have been as it should have been in place earlier to this event.Finally we go on to the issue of being able to communicate with off duty crews and know their location when rebooking flights. This issue was one that could have been fixed in a simple manner with a system similar to thatwhich Nextel offers to customers walkie talkie options with a gps locator on the phone.To conclude my findings if the technology department had been doing its job prior to these events the problem would not have been nearly as magnified. Through some simple fixes and forward sentiment there could have been several areas that would have helped to make managing this event easier from enhanced phone systems to a website with more(prenominal) capabilities for customers to simple gps enable cell phones this problem would not have cost the company upwards of 30 million dollars.

Lord of the Flies & To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

master of the Flies To push down a Mockingbird EssayJohn Quincy Adams once said Always substructure on your rule, point if you stand alone. The two novels To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Lord of the Flies by William Golding, good deal greatly plug into to this quote. The parts that atomic number 18 portrayed in some(prenominal) novels put up re whollyy relate to one a nonher in terms of the theme in the quote. Also the books themselves parting similar themes and moral lessons. Atticus Finch from to kill a mocking bird is a character that undertakes a father he is a strong role model and leader. Atticus is a wise composition he learns and t from each onees moral lessons to his children.Even though the odds atomic number 18 against his favor he still stands by his principle. Someone who can relate to Atticus Finch is Ralph from Lord of the move. Ralph is a character in Lord of the travel that shows a great deal of leadinghip safe like Atticus he stands by his principle and does whatever is right. Scout from to kill a mocking bird, is the daughter of Atticus Finch, she has in legality many opportunities to stand but her principle but she is rarely perceive. But even though she is not really heard she takes initiative as much as possible. oafish from Lord of the flies can relate to Scout, hoggish has so much potential to do more than he is capable of. Although hoggish always seems to rein a way to get his ideas heard and recognize. Another comparison between the two novels is look across Maudie and Simon because they are such sound people and that is one of their principles. Ralph and Atticus Finch both portray their characters as role models and leaders Ralph in particular is a leader that does everything and stays with his accusations to prove that he is doing the right thing.The lord of the flies takes place on a deserted island after a dramatic plane crash and the provided survivors are a bunch of little boys. Their fi rst decision is to vote on a leader, the boys all chose Ralph as their leader. At the beginning of the novel, Ralph was leader, but when his followers decided to abandon him he stayed with his beliefs. He can relate to this quote because Ralph was standing on his principle even though he was alone. His friends chose to become bowelless beast and hunt, while Ralph stayed pure and civilized he showed that he knew his moral and stands up for what he believes in.Ralph comes crosswise trouble thought when hes friends doubt his ideas and suggestions. When his friends turned his back on him, he still decided to bite to his ideas and his plan to be rescued and in the end it was worth it because they were saved. Another person that could relate to Ralph would be Atticus finch in To Kill a Mockingbird. Like Ralph, Atticus is another strong leader and nonparasitic leader, but in the novel To kill a mockingbird. Atticus relates to John Quincy Adams quote because Atticus fights for what he be lieves in, which is exactly what John Quincy Adams is meant by standing by your own principle.Atticus Finch plays a Father in working as a lawyer in the novel, but he lives in a cadence of discrimination and prejudice. A part of the story is when Atticus is appointed to defend Tom Robinson a macabre man that was accused of raping a white woman. Atticus knows that the jury will be prejudice and that in that find is a slim chance that Tom Robinson will win the case. Even though he knows this discipline he still does everything in his power to defend Tom. Atticus says that he has nothing but mildness for the jury and that he is disappointed that on that point society is like this (Lee 213).Atticus is a character that really does stand by his principle and shows respect and leadership. Ralph and Atticus can relate to each other because they admit similar characteristics and stand by their principles. piggy is a character from Lord of the Flies that is discouraged. Piggy plays a huge role in the novel he is wise and has the potential and the right to be heard. Piggy in the novel was the reason that the boy had fire, he was picked on and his ideas were ignored because of the way he looked.Piggy was wise he had ideas such as making sundials and hats. Ideas like these could eat up really helped the boys in world successful in being rescued. Piggy was wise and the boys failed to recognize this. When Ralph was abandoned by the boys that wanted to kernel Jacks hunting tripe it was only Piggy, Simon, Samneric and a few littleuns. With such little people, Ralph and Piggy talked and Piggy was hears and finally recognized for his ideas and wisdom. Piggy has a troop of smart ideas that could be implemented.He can relate to the quote by John Quincy Adams because he doesnt give up, even though he is alone, he finds a way to be heard. Scout Finch and Piggy are character that can relate to each other, and to the quote said by John Quincy Adams. Scout is a character th at plays Atticus daughter. Scout is very smart for her age, and has many bright ideas. Although this is true her ideas are not as recognized as they should just because of her age, she is much wiser than she appears to but is not recognized for it. We dont write in the first grade, we print.You wont learn to write until youre in the third grade. (Lee 23). This shows that Scout truly does stand by her principles but she is not recognized for it. Scout respects her father very much, but even though this is true she still denies his judgments, if she believes it is the right thing to do. An example if this would be when the Sarum group visited Atticus Finch and threatened him, Scout, Jem and dill all came to protect him. Even though Atticus told his children to return home they stayed there, this ended up part Atticus bypass the sarum group after all.Simon is a character in Lord of the Flies that portrays a mature and wise. Simon is very honest. When Simon is told that there is a bea stie loose on the island he adventures off on his own. He comes across a hanging parachute and realized that, the parachute was the beastie all along. When Simon knew that there could not be such thing as a beastie, he searched for the truth. Simon shows that he stayed with his principles and was determined to find the truth. He does not keep this new found information to himself or only to Ralphs tribe but he tells both Ralph and Jacks tribe.He was honest and wants to make life on the island a lot easier for the boys. He was freehearted enough to tell the tribes, but it was too late because Jacks tribe was so paranoid slightly the beastie and that he accidentally killed Simon. Although Simon had died trying to help he kept his principles in mind Simon showed how determined he was to be honest and set his friends true(a). The quote by John Quincy Adams can have a lot of themes to express one of those themes that I could tell is honesty. Miss Maudie is a character in To Kill a Moc kingbird that plays an honest woman.When Scout asks Miss Maudie about Arthur Radley and if all the rumors about him are true, Miss Maudie sets her straight and gives her full and honest opinion about Arthur Radley (Lee 48). This shows that Miss Maudie shows her moral conscience by admitting to Scout her honest opinion. She is also standing by her principle and passing on her wisdom to Scout. She tells Scout to find the truth and not create rumors and gossip about something that is not for certain. Miss Maudie shows a great deal of respect to the people around her.She stood by her principle as John Quincy Adams said. The quote represents honesty and Miss Maudie is a good example of honesty. There are many relations between the two novels and the quote. The quote by John Quincy Adams Always stand on your principle, even if you stand alone has themes that do relate to the themes and character in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird and Lord of the Flies. Atticus Finch and Ralph both show th ere leader ship and determination, when times are tough they persevere and try their hardest to make things right.This shows how determined they are to stand by their principle. Also Piggy and Scout, there are two completely different characters that play the same role. They both have such great potential to be a more recognized character even though they seem ignored they both stand by their principles and become recognized. Simon and Miss Maudie two completely different people yet so similar in the sense that they are honest to one another. Overall there are many comparisons between these two novels and that they both have themes and characters that relate to standing by your principle.

Latin America Essay Example for Free

Latin America EssayNation states co-embody adept alongside another, yet, their relations have not been perfect or devoid of discord. At the heart of this business is that each nation state as a political and economic entity has its own interests. It is the pursuit of these interests that these states incumbrance one another the wrong way, with the developed countries calling the shots, leading to an acrimonious disposition in foreign relations. This paper examines some of the facts by taking America, Cuba and Nicaragua as examples. Question 1 Part AThe Cuba transmutation which took place in January 1, 1959 against chairman oecumenic Fulgencio Batista is highly esteemed by Latin Americans because it deposed the dictatorial President General Fulgencio Batista from rule. Part B Cuba occupies a special place in US policy makers minds both for historical and strategic reasons. The historical treason is that Nikita Khrushchev had at one time poked US in the centre of attention after US had aimed missiles in Italy and Turkey at USSR. By planting other missiles in Cuba against the US, Khrushchev outright had a more credible bargaining chip. America does not want a repeat of this.The strategic reason is that Cuba at the moment is the only force standing in the way of the Caribbean domination by the US. Part C What prevented Cubas annexation by the US is Castros rule. This Castro has weathered all black lotion and coup attempts that were staged against him at the behest of the US. Question 2 The main strategy that was used by Latin America against US hegemony was by forming an alliance with other socialist countries that posed antithetical stands against the US. It is through these alliances that Latin American states were able to realize the acquisition of arms and ideologies. Question 3US has been at quantify responsible for the rise of military dictatorships in Latin America in its quest to annex these countries. In most cases, the US sponsored militar y coups both financially and militarily against legitimate governments (as it was seen in the case of General Fulgencio Batista when America wanted to oust Castro). Usually, these legitimate governments are conspired against by the US when they refuse to do US bidding. When these coups succeed, the leaders themselves turn into outright dictators. interpretation 1 It is true that Nicaragua looks up to Cuba positively since Cuba has been protecting her interests.Or instance, Cuba was instrumental in the 1990s in advising and helping Nicaragua to build closer ties with investors by working with them well to reconstruct Nicaraguas economic situation. What enhanced the credibility of Cubas economic advice and help to Nicaragua is that the latter witnessed Cubas proposals work out for the betterment of Bolivia, a country that initially was preoccupied with militarism. More Credit is being given to Cuba by Nicaragua because Cuba continues to protect Nicaraguas trade and transport routes , of which the Trans Isthmian canal remains chief.Commentary 2 It is not sufficient to state that Nicaragua admires Cuba because of the protection it receives only. On the contrary, it is through this Trans Isthmian canal that Cuba protects, that the 2 economies are able to carry out bilateral trade. Cubas exports to Nicaragua are rice, sugar cane, medical products, hams and sausages, whereas Nicaragua exports veterinary surgeon products, pharmaceuticals, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, original perfume oil, pieces of ivory, among others, to Cuba. ConclusionIt is therefore easier to see that because states exist juxtaposed to each other, there is no country that can exist on its own accord. This is wherefore virtually all nations are players in international trade and diplomacy. The mandate therefore falls on the developed economies such as the US and the UK and other international organizations such as the UN to come up with policies that will foster egalitarianis m and freedom for and among all states.ReferencesBlasier, C. (2005). Trade in Latin America. Ann Arbor stops University Press. Callahan, M. (1999). A historical look at US relations with Cuba. Cambridge Harvard University Press.

Accounting Materiality Case Essay Example for Free

Accounting physicalness Case EssayAfter the release of the SFAC No. 8, your definition of materiality has been brought into marvel. In the past, your rule for ascertain materiality was based solely on quantitative data, where an cause was only material if its affect was to a greater extent than a given percentage of the income statement amounts. Using a quantitative measure is effective because it keeps the handle objective however there argon also times when the quantitative difference doesnt adequately demonstrate the true effect of an action. For this reason, materiality is an entity-specific aspect of relevance based on the nature quality or magnitude quantity or both items, as stated in Q11 of the SFAC No. 8. For The Framework society each of the following closing entries must be judged on a slipperiness-by-case level on the parameters of whether it could bend decisions that our exploiters make.See much Ethnic groups and racism essay1)In this entry, the go with is paying a exquisite of a foreign subsidiary. The amount is less than 3% of pelf income, making it quantitatively immaterial. The description of the case lists that after the fine is paid, business will go back to normal with only slight changes. However, this is qualitatively material because it shows that the company did something unlawful which makes users question the companys integrity and ethical standards.2)This entry shows an enthronisation in an expansion of the company. The impact on the company amounts to only 4.3% of its total assets (it was predetermined that the bar for materiality is 5%) so it is not quantitatively material. However, in terms of this action affecting a users decision about the company, this entry is definitely material. It represents an expansion of the company which users can either bewitch as promising for future growth or frightening because its a risky investment.3)Gener whollyy a loss, no matter the size isnt seen as material due to the ac companiment that it tends to be a one-time thing, compared to an expense that occurs regularly. However, in this case the amount of the loss proves to be material both quantitatively and qualitatively. Its impact on net income is above the 3% predetermined materiality threshold, making it quantitatively material. Also, it was determined that more of these losses may be coming in the near future for this line and that its nice more delinquent. These two qualitative aspects are very impactful for a users decision regarding the company because they show serious problems with one of the companys most profitable line and puts huge question marks on the quality of the product.4)In this entry, the management made the decision to self regulate based on a court case of a similar company. The amount of additional expense accounts for 4% of the net income, making it a quantitatively material. The main reason this decision is also qualitative is due to the fact that the additional $200,000 in expenses needs to be explained to the user to show that The Framework Company is being accountable and cautious by policing themselves.5)The ruling in a litigation case is that The Framework Company owes extension customers 325,000 in damages, which is 6.5% of net income. The company plans to appeal the case and believes they have a good defense in that appeal. A large division of their customer base was involved in this case, meaning if the ruling is disquieted some of their customers could take their business elsewhere. That makes this entry both quantitative and qualitatively material.6)This 200,000 dollar loan that didnt show up in the financial statements would only increase the assets by 0.08%, making it quantitatively immaterial. This event is a one-time occurrence for the company, because the chance of a payment being mishandled should be small. Since it is a small portion of the balance sheet and is something that wont frequently happen, this entry is quantitatively and qualitatively immaterial.Based on The Framework Companys circulating(prenominal) accounting standards, this set of post-closing entries is quantitatively material because the sum of all the changes is greater than 3% of their net income and equal to 5% of assets. Even if the sum of the changes didnt surpass the predetermined threshold, it would still be smart to report these entries based on the idea of conservatism. The accountants are responsible for the knowledge released, so if they leave something out that a user would deem important, they are liable. So, when in doubt, its scoop out to release the information.The SFAC No. 8 mentions a number of times that cases of materiality, such as this one, cannot be distinguishable by a general set of standards. The concept of materiality is too difficult to restrain. Under our current system, the expansion branch (entry 2) would be considered immaterial due to is size relative to our total assets. However, this entry real is mater ial because it means so much to the future of the company and thats what financial report users are looking for. The only standard that can be set when dealing with materiality is does this entry influence decisions that users make on the basis of the financial information (SFAC No. 8, Q11).

Ladybird book Essay Example for Free

Ladybird book EssayQuestion How does the poet use lyric poem to communicate her paroles response to discipline and how does she convey her own feelings to you?AnswerIn the poem, the poet shows us close her little genius boy who shadower do everything except for reading. Throughout the description about her sons behavior in reading, she conveys to us her frustrated feelings when her son doesnt have every interest in reading.Firstly, the contrast in 2 aspects which exist inside her son is clearly shown by the first stanza. In 4 first lines of the first stanza, the poet asserts that her hurt son can do numerous things that many other kids cant do make sculptures, fabulous machines, solemn advice The images of a smart and sensible boy is painted beautifully infra poets pen only mother who are supremely proud of her son can makes this masterpiece. Here, the use of exaggeration is used to describe the wonderful abilities of poets son, which is a leverage to pull the frustrat ion in poets feelings up when she said but he is slow to read. The word but suggests the changing in tone of the poem from excitement, pride to disappointment.Although her hunch forward spend on him is very immense, the difference between adults and childrens thinking prevents her from being optimistic consistently about her sonWhen I take him on my kneewith his Ladybird bookhe gazes into the air,sighing and quiver his headlike an old manwho knows the mountainsare impassable.The poet tries to reach her son but his action makes her megabucks it is a such a drag on her thinking. Listing three verbs which suggests the negative effect, she conveys to us how languorous her son is in reading book. Using the simile, poet portrays image of her son like an old, thoughtful man subtile that the mountains are impassable. Facing with book her son is deactivated.Through the first stanza, mothers feeling goes down from the top to the bottom of a mountain when she told us about her son. The c ontrast between what her son can do and reading puts her in tumult.Secondly, as evidence, the second stanza is an infallible description about her sons response to words.He toys with words,letting them go coldas gristly meatAt first, he son has a little try on making words become familiar with what he is fancy in but all he can do bring him to a boring world of words.Normally, people cant so something that it is not strong enough to attract them and in them same case, her son tries in hopeless he cant do reading under his mothers pressure. One more time, the simile is used. It conveys how hard with the poets get close to reading like swallowing a tough, chewy meat. His response to reading is completely like the feelings of bird imprisoned in the cage vain, empty and tedious.Finally, the look for are released the son is liberated from reading. His feeling is full of beatitude.a fish returningto its element,or a white-eyed colt shying from the bit who seesthat if he takes itin his mouthhell never run instead free again.He enjoys his freedom like the fish returns to its element. The poet exhaled using this idiom to describe her anxiety when her son became active again after hardcore reading.Here, the mother (poet) have the appearance _or_ semblances to find out the inscrutable behavior of her son that makes him fed up with reading. The image of a young male horse suggests the using of metaphor. The poets son is forced to read and the freedom is out like the young male horse when he is butt by the bit hell never run quite free again.At this point, the poet emphasizes that her son seem to be regenerated after the reading section, which pull her down when she tries her best to help her son.The poem is written the bone marrow of a mother who spends all her love to him, tries to help him ceaselessly while her son cant show his positive behavior to reading. It reflects the a difference between the adult perspective and children point of view.

Role Of A Social Work Practitioner Social Work Essay

Role Of A hearty Work Practiti unitaryr societal Work EssayInterrelationship screwing be be as a mutual or reciprocal relation (Oxford University Press, 2012). A surmise in cordial influence is a framework for intellect (Thompson, 2000a, p. 22). It provides the practician with an understanding of lymph node behaviour and emotions. Where possibility enables understanding the client and the situation they be encountering, exert is how the practiti adeptr interprets this k todayledge and uses it. It is the process of interviewing, accessing and assisting the client. Thompson (2000a) states the relationship between surmise and usage canful be seen as a direct parallel with that between thinking and doing (p. 4).Social work practitioners learn theories so they can be more competent and professional in their charge. Without opening and a solid knowledge base, the kind work practitioner inadvertently becomes less effective (Thompson, 2000a). Howe states (as cited in Col lingwood, Emond, Woodward, 2008) some favorable work practitioners believe that system is non required and that the best decisions are base on pragmatism and common sense (p. 72). However, according to Fisher and Somerton (as cited in Collingwood et al., 2008) theory may not be explicitly articulated, and it may not be used well, besides there is no much(prenominal) thing as theory-less practice (p. 72).An example of a how theory interrelates with practice is what Connolly and Healy (2011) call mountain-moving theories (p. 28). These are approaches that obtain to shift oppressive structures and/or dominant discourses so that we can move towards a more good society (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). Social work practitioners are considered to have power and influence, therefore they need a practice that does not discriminate, oppress or show prejudice in terms of sexism, racism, ageism and disablism (Thompson, 2006, p. 40). Anti-oppressive practice is the practice in which a k ind work practitioner strives to reduce, undermine or eliminate discrimination and heaviness (Thompson, 2006). When working with a person with a dis world power, a social work practitioner must be careful not to oppress the client themselves, therefore social work practitioners follow the principle of token(prenominal) intervention (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 29). They need to use skills that involve empowerment which means believing that people are adequate of making their own choices and decisions (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). The social work practitioner would use their knowledge, access to resources, and power to enable the client to feel powerful and supported. They would not make decisions for the client only when would let them decide for themselves, giving the client the tools necessary to realise their potential (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). By using the right theory in their practice the social work practitioner has enabled the client to feel validated, giving them greater control of their lives, therefore building up their confidence and allowing them to be valued members of society (Connolly Healy, 2011). Connolly and Healy state anti-oppressive practice provides a theoretical explanation, guidance in terms of approach, and techniques for responding to the needs of people (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28).According to Thompson a paradigm is a theoretical approach which underwritees a number of related theories (2000, p. 27). Theoretical paradigms play an important role in social work as they guide the practitioner on what may be happening in the clients world. Social work practitioners can choose which approach to back out by which paradigm they deem more appropriate to the situation (Thompson, 2000b). They can choose to focus their practice on a pull up stakesicular or singular paradigm or use multiple paradigms, in an eclectic manner (Poulter, 2005). Poulter states eclectic workers argue that not being locked into one particular paradigm frees practitioners to determine what actually works best in practice (2005, p. 1999). Although there are many theoretical paradigms of social work one main one is systems theory.An understanding of systems theory involves looking at the sociological effects of society on the client and how they are being restoreed by them (Thompson, 2000b). With Bronfenbrenners ecological theory, the social work practitioner takes the clients current environment into account. This theory includes microsystems, mesosystems, ecosystems and macrosystems (Connolly Healy, 2011). It is a valuable theory because it allows the practitioner to look at the whole show up. For example if there was a problem with a child, the social work practitioner would firstly look at the microsystem surrounding them. This includes the childs family, school, peers and neighbourhood which interact daily with them (Santrock, 2011). The social work practitioner would then look at the mesosystems that impact the clients lif e this is the relationship between the childs microsystems and how they affect each other (Santrock, 2011). The ecosystem consists of links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role (Santrock, 2011, p. 29), examples of this are parents work places and social social welfare services. Here, the social work practitioner looks at how the parents work place or hours of work affect the child or how social welfare is influencing the familys life (Payne, 2005). The macrosystem involves the culture in which individuals live (Payne, 2005, p. 29). This is the familys values and beliefs and how this affects the child. By looking at the whole picture the social work practitioner can obtain a true picture of the child and his / her environment. By using a theoretical paradigm the practitioner has managed to fully comprehend the clients situation and what its influences are now they can use their knowledge of practice to provide assistance to the child and fami ly.As theory and practice are interrelated, it is accurate to say that they shape one another as well. Sheafor and Horejsi determine that, not only is it hard to separate theory and practice but practice is the process of using knowledge and applying theory in order to bring about specific change (2008, p. 46). During the process of time and practice, a practitioners knowledge base develops, changes, and becomes more comprehensive. To help recognise when change is needed, part of the social work practitioners role is to continuously reflect upon what they do and what they think about what they have done (Dominelli, 2004, p. 250). Reflexivity practice is cyclic, and begins with the experience of the task, reviewing what has happened, conceptualising and attempt to understand relationships and finishing by predicting what to do next, thus giving the practitioner a unexampled sentiment of how to proceed next time (Chenoweth McAuliffe, 2012). Reflexivity provides an opportunity to understand the way in which the workers personal views and translation intersect with practice-in-situation (Harms Connolly, 2011, p. 6). Reflexivity leads to praxis when an ideology is added this is the process of strengthening our practice and a form of persistent growth for the practitioner (Harms Connolly, 2011). During this time theories go away also grow and change, leading to a change in practice. As most social work practitioners want to bring about change and help people, they are more inc breedd to aid social action (Shaefor Horejsi, 2008). Examining social injustices and inequalities in society is just part of the social work practitioners role (Payne, 2005). According to Payne (2005) this has led to the development of perspectives that broaden the range of factors that lead to unlikeness and injustice (p. 230).Culturally sensitive practice in New Zealand was developed in order to promote perspectives that encompassed Mori value and beliefs. Social work practitio ners saw the need to treat Mori within the stage setting of their culture, not the dominant culture of the Pakeha. Mori well-being is viewed as holistic, containing characteristics from the spiritual, mental, physical and extended family (Durie, 1994). Where a psychodynamic theory might work with a Pakeha, the one to one dynamics and required openness of the dialogue, does not encompass the culture of Mori. This led to the development of mori models like the whare tapa wh model, Te Wheke and Ng Pou Mana (Durie, 1994). The whare tapa wh model was formed from the findings that Mori health was suffering due to the westernised treatment of them while sick (Durie, 1994). The stock(a) dominant Pakeha model of health was not allowing Mori to follow their cultural beliefs therefore a new theory or models were developed to encompass Mori culture. This in turn led to improved practice. Social work practitioners now understand when working with Maori that it is not just the individual that needs to be considered but the collective (Durie, 1994).In conclusion, the interrelationship between theory and practice denotes that they are reliant on one another for the social work practitioner to develop their professional selves. For quality practice, a social work practitioner must have a sound knowledge base of theory and practice. The developments of new perspectives evoke the ability of the social work practitioner to have an ethical practice. Thompson states (as cited in Thompson, 2000a) practice which does not take into account of oppression and discrimination cannot be seen as good practice (p. 10). The use of theoretical paradigms in social work practice provides the practitioner with an understanding of where the client is at in their situation, what they will do to assist the client and how they will do it. Theory shapes practice in the way that what the practitioner learns will affect the way they practice. Similarly how the practice is developed, is based not onl y on theory but also experience, so this shapes theory in that it may be modified to suit. The process of reflection helps the practitioners ability to look back on their practice and the theories they have used, allowing them to review their thoughts and feelings. A change in theory and practice has enabled Mori to be treated in a way that is more in line with their culture, making the practitioner more sensitive and well-rounded which leads to an improved practice.

Examining the different disciplines of forensic science

Examining the different disciplines of rhetorical attainmentForensic cognition countenances a form of utilise acquisition contextualised with the law, inextricably in the service of the public.1 However, increasing publicity through optical media that glorifies and deceptively portrays the field of study as fool-proof, is having negative impacts in courts worldwide. These impacts atomic number 18 largely due to incorrect protocol and overstating of results beyond what the jury arsehole comprehend. Mystery and awe has surrounded rhetorical cognition, captivating audiences with programmes such as CSI Crime Scene Investigation. The series of rhetorical-related footage has en fittedd the field to become known widely, however understanding the complexities is being shown to be a serious constraint. The advantages construct seen the industry receive large grants and funding in some areas, however the majority of juries misinterpret the readiness of inference, easily overes timating the weight it offers the court. This is signifi undersidet as the jury is typic everyy made up of every twenty-four hour period people, sort of than scientists. Therefore, further transparency is needed for the jury to interpret the weight to apply to various types of rise.It is apparent that the multidisciplinary science of rhetoricals is lacks the appropriate strength to govern the entire modeling under a common model rhetorical science. Whilst thither obtain been huge amounts of research into the chemical , biological and physical sciences, numerous of the says, such as tool mark and fingerprint take the stand, that are relied on to provide individualisation and uniqueness lack seemly funding and research to develop their validity, reliability and statistical signifi dischargece. It is a flaw in the system that we are required to comprise the entire variety of disciplines that interpret rhetorical severalize under one umbrella-like ideal. include the forens ic disciplines under the one term is the result of rapid expansion in the field. It is appropriate to prise that some fields, particularly areas of DNA research, have true signifi faecal mattert attention, where otherwises have been neglected. Perhaps forensic science and its community are at a stage where disciplines ass be distributed between what is forensic attest and what is forensic intelligence. Or perhaps it is more suitable to take off on the basis of scientific / analytic based or expert interpreted. Forensic science as a whole needs to be thoroughly evaluated to determine an pieceive distinction for the legal system it is meant to benefit, where the absolute science prat be provided solely on the condition that there is reliability, validity, and known uncertainties, while the editional evidence that put up non be substantiated with statistics and databases, yet can potentially be validated with further research to assist individual experience of so-called fore nsic experts.The National Research Council of the National Academies has identified in the United States the significance of the overestimation and misinterpretation regarding the forensic evidence that is being produced for the courts.2 Their promulgate dissects the major disciplines, establishing recommendations for streng soing forensic science, including but not limited to establishing rigorous protocols, better definition of expert understand phrases and implement and enforce better practices and standards for forensic science professionals and laboratories.2This report will not examine in detail individually discipline of forensic science. However, it is the poor blast of classification of all forensic practices into the one structure of forensic science that will be the focus.Forensics and the CSI effectForensic science evolved from the need to prosecute criminals more effectively. Criminal activity occurs in many facets, and can occur at any duration.3 Illegal activity can excessively be promoted by drugs which is two dangerous for the criminal and people around them.3 Crime scenes, whether physical harm have occurred, or still simply theft, are usually rich in biological and physical information which, if interpreted correctly, can allude to the stock-stillts that occurred.3 The processes and people whom this information was handled between, from the collection to analysis, to the determination in court as evidence, is known as the chain of custody. If this chain of custody is not adjudgeed with the highest integrity, the information gathered has no intention in court. Often carelessness and poor decisions from handlers lead to potential evidence being reprimanded. Each time forensics fails in court, it adds to the pressure of sceptics who criticise the entire field beca subprogram of the encompassing of all forensic sciences under one domain.It is the Hollywood glamour that has given television programmes associated with forensic science an established excitement among viewers for their 60 trice showcases. The episodes make forensic science appear deceptively simple which invites illusionary expectations of analysis and time value at trial. The CSI effect does not replicate the true intricacies of real forensics.Whilst the digitised world is a real thing, it is greatly enlarged the power and graphical interfaces of the computer systems utilize, tapping into databases that are only dreamt about by certified forensic experts. It is then a false assumption that everyday forensic analysts are assisted with these capabilities. It is guinea pigs in these shows such as fingerprint comparisons that search through computer databases in minutes, and DNA samples that are analysed for STRs and specific loci by the time they arrive back from the crime scene. In reality, DNA analyses are backlogged in many cases because of the time it takes to analyse. In reality, simple PCR amplification can take the time that one episode of CSI establishes, develops and solves an entire case.The effect bare has had in portraying the dramatic evolution of criminal cases also has confused the role individual forensic experts have, that is, to assist law enforcement in establishing a case, and then to assist the court to understand and interpret the evidence and their findings. The CSI effect has led people to believe they also take on the role police investigators, and even lawyers and counsellors in some instances.This CSI effect has extended into the court room where the jury are potentially go about with this expectation that the evidence that is going to be explained is decisive. Unless the expert makes it absolutely clear with the significance of the evidence, the jury can add substantial weight to the case, on some occasions be the fundamental basis of their decision. It is up to the defence to cross-examine expert witnesses and source potential mishandling that can question the evidence. Once questioned, the integrity of the case is in jeopardy due to misconduct. Many wrong convictions have been made on evidence that has been incorrectly examined and weighted. each time forensic science fails in court, the pressure is placed back on the entire field to argue the truth behind the science. The problem extends not only from poor expert witness witness skills, but an inadequate fashion model with which the system is explained.Strength of Forensic ScienceEncompassing the many disciplines that currently make up the forensics framework within one title lacks the fundamental strength that is needed to maintain the integrity of applied science for the benefit of the public. A model should essentially provide the basic possible action for all disciplines it governs. This is not the case as we develop to dissect this concept.The first basis of which the current framework of forensic science does not adequately distinguish between the disciplines is the misperception of differing areas of sci ence, being small and applied. Science can be described as a body of companionship or a system of fellowship covering general truthsconcerned with the physical world and its phenonomen.4 With this understanding, it is clear that when combined with the context of forensics, the overall concept of science should be contextualised with the legal system.1 The variety of natural sciences, such as chemistry, biology, and physics have be around for decades and their theories, methods and techniques have been strongly actual. It is the disciplines that have evolved out of necessity for law enforcements requirement for further evidence, such as fingerprinting, tool mark impression and document examination, which do not have the established belles-lettres and research.8 mob and Nordby (2003) consider this, caputing out that natural sciences are based on theory and are controlled and certain, whilst forensic sciences are practical, applied, uncertain, and compromised. This view does not consider the human interface that science is controlled by, and that the flaws of science are slackly the flaws in the procedure and protocol used. Whilst in many cases what James and Nordby (2003) observe is true, it is the professionalism that accompanies the process which determines whether the integrity is maintained. James and Nordby (2003) contradict themselves to agree with the above, noting that Good science, and good forensic science, produces reasoned opinions. This truth of this statement is derived from the procedures used by individual scientists to derive their opinions. The quality of the scientists analysis ensures the validity of their opinion, accounting for both natural and forensic sciences.A second delusion of the current framework has caused non-scientific evidence being cunningly used as duplicity in the courtroom. It is dangerous that the courts, since admitting evidences such as CCTV footage, are leaving the defence to discredit the opinion evidence that has blatantly no scientific theory behind it. This report will not be used to argue the reasons other than that disciplines such as document examination, fingerprinting, profiling, and facial mapping are significant forensic intelligence for law enforcement, and are often used to establish a list of suspects. However their use is currently limited by the research and funding that has gone into their development, and until analytical and statistical significance is analysed for each discipline, they should be not collectively assigned within a broad forensic science framework. When evidence is presented in the courts, it is often seen that the applied sciences come undone from both the lack of foundation of the disciplines, and poor forensic expert testimony. Starrs (2003) is mindful of the relationship between lawyers and forensic practitioners, conscious that forensic scientists often struggle with the lawfulness of the courts.11 To contrast this, lawyers are identified to narrow- mindedly focus on discrediting scientific opinion, due to their scrimpy knowledge of science.11 Starrs (2003) comments that the contrasted view of science and the law requires experts reconciliation so that they can work in both amicably and advantageously.An example of the injustice that expert witness testimony is causing is displayd in the Atkins v The sprite trial. The facial mapping discipline is not a direct science. It has developed out of the need for visual identification from video and photographic evidence. However, because judges, jurors interpret faces of known and unknown people every day, there is a misconception that the area of expertise is more simple than uncommon knowledge, such as DNA analysis.5 Potential disfavour and miscarriages of impartiality due to underestimating the difficultly in establishing identification by facial mapping is now commonly patent in courtrooms due to the increasing footage of CCTV and other photographic material that is being subm itted as evidence.5In the example Atkins v The Queen trial, the expert witness that testifies only similarities between the exemplar and the captured footage of Dean Atkins failed to inform the discrepancies into their testimony.5 It is believed that the jurors soundless the expert opinion as a positive identification. It is a known fallacy that jurors cannot weight fitly the evidence that is given to them, and therefore it should be made clear what basis the opinion of the evidence is made. Also, there are ways to mislead the jury into thinking that there is science involved. Establishing scientific-like terms such as the Bromby scale, in the Atkins v The Queen case, should not be used as forensic evidence in the court room as the courts are not the place for experts to sit and testify indecisive opinions. The use of expert opinion established on experience rather than the science needs to be frowned upon, and should begin to discredit users from being professionals.An alternate e xample is the Brandon Mayfield case. Mayfield was arrested in March 2004 as a material witness in an investigation into the terrorist attack in Madrid, Spain, on commuter trains. It was found by the FBI using IAFIS that it was Mayfields fingerprints that were left-hand(a) on the bag of detonators. However, the Spanish National Police later informed the FBI that the fingerprints were in fact from an Algerian national as the source.The misidentification from the Brandon Mayfield case was due to many factors such as warp, prejudice, human error and insufficient methodology .6 While the automated approach to fingerprint analysis is mostly sufficient in establishing a collection of suspect fingerprints that have similar markers, it still requires human interpretation to establish which fingerprint has all the same individual characteristics as the sample print. For this reason, it is essential that if such evidence was to be admitted to court, the jury is mindful of this, and other, t ypes of error, and that the expert evidence should be used to aid other evidence. While fingerprint evidence does have noteworthy research it should still be considered by juries carefully. The technique relies of observation of markers from experts rather than analytical techniques that can be verified and thus, should be considered under an alternate framework. Fingerprint analysis is a discipline that has received more attention than facial recognition and many others, however, it is essential that a strategy is implemented to renovate the framework strength that forensic science is lacking.At third concept that prompts further debate is the use of the term science in forensic science. It is observed that society perceives that science provides hard facts, definite conclusions, and uncompromised objectiveness in every case.9 Due to the rapid expansion of forensic science, the definition has not adopted its use today, where research provides methodology. Then it is perceivable that forensic science is the use of these methodologies in the search for facts, although the result may not always provide the statistical significance. This is reported by Starrs (2003) to be the key issue with forensic science. Starrs (2003) observed the public portrayal of forensic science needs to capture a more practical(prenominal) scientific level so that juries wont measure up expert witnesses and their testimony based on expectations far beyond the scope of the forensic framework.11 It may be that forensic experts are struggling to nurture pace with the growth of forensics and public misunderstanding, and are expressing opinions that are greater than the significance of their results.11 As Inman and Rudin (2001) explained, in many cases science becomes a misused term, employed to gain credibility and legitimacy in society.9 It is important for the prospective of forensic science that the understanding of the science body is clarified, being that science provides proces s rather than truth.9 light can be assisted by the observation of the continual evolution of science, where at any point of time a discovery enhances the knowledge we have, and refutes (or refines) what was once known to be true.9Potential frameworksA framework is an underlying set of ideasthat provide the basis or outline for something intended to be further developed at a later stage.7 To encompass all forensic disciplines, developed and undeveloped, under the one forensic science framework is misleading, particularly when justifying evidence in court. It has been discussed through auditing the strength of forensic science by the National Academy of Sciences, many forensic science methods have been developed due to the evidence that has been able to be collected from the crime scene.8 Whilst it is known that many disciplines, such as serology, forensic pathology, toxicology, fingerprint analysis, and chemical analysis have a solid backbone regarding their theories and methodologi es, there are many facets that are not as well developed.8 These include pattern / impression analysis, firearms analysis, hair and fibre analysis, handwriting and document analysis, explosive and fire debris analysis, forensic odontology, blood spatter pattern analysis, paints and coatings analysis and many more.8 Inman and Rudin (2001) agree with this concept, in that The realm of science can be divided into pureand applied science.9 Their approach highlights the need for science disciplines to be distinguished. However there are potentially many errors is segregating on the basis of pure and applied sciences. For example, analysis of forensic analysis of crime scene evidence relies on the foundation on the pure or natural sciences. Therefore, at what point does an applied science be sufficient to be classed as a natural or pure science?Potentially, there are a number of possibilities that could divide disciplines adequately for the use of expert evidence weight in courts. Some o f these includeForensic evidence vs. forensic intelligenceAnalytical vs. interpretationalScientific vs. intuitiveObjective vs. inheringIn a forensic context, forensic evidence and forensic intelligence seem the obvious option. However, exploring into how each are specify establishes that oft forensic evidence assists also as forensic intelligence and vice versa. More appropriately, objective and subjective establish the specificity required for absolute classifications. Forensic evidence with a scientific approach could be defined as the objective analysis while forensic evidence with an interpretational approach could be defined as the subjective analysis. Correlating this idea, Inman and Rudin (2001) suggested that objectivity of science is always being sought after, realistically, we must understand that human interpretation of evidence, regardless of whether the items of interest are two fingerprints or two spectra, places subjectivity into the equation.9 Whilst this is true in this day and age, the reality is that technology is developing exponentially to the point where automated systems will replace much of the bias that evidence is faced with.A framework that adheres to this objective and subjective system would be able to provide evidence weighting guidelines for the significance between these two types of forensic analysis. Potentially, jurors could then differentiate forensic evidence based on this system and already for-see pragmatic value for a fair trial. It must also be recognised here, that due to method and protocol refinement from continuous scientific research, it is important for fixedness auditing of each discipline to establish the type of analysis that fits best for the time.By having an appropriate framework employed, CCTV footage and other photographic medium that is being used as evidence, would shift the onus back upon the Crown to demonstrate evidential value. The Crown would then be required to demonstrate the convicting expert opinion has probative value by exposing its reliability and validity.5