Social Changes in America Brought About by the Gilded Age Essay

The wonderful Age was characterized by rapid industrialization, reconstruction, ruthless pursuit of profit, government, corruption, and vulgarity (Cashman 1). After the civil War, America was beginning to regroup as a nation. There were many other changes developing in the country. Industrialization was taking over the formerly unpolished country. The nations government was also in great conflict (Foner 20). Many changes occurred during the Gilded Age. These changes affected farmers, labor, business, and politics. Many southerners saw Reconstruction as an assay by the north to punish the south, rather than an attempt to rebuild the nation (Foner 29). This period was marked by intense bitterness and anger. Regional and racial slowmail remained powerful. The Ku Klux Klan came into full force, terrorizing blacks by tactics such as night riding (Foner 94). Poll taxes forced an unreasonable fee on blacks at the voting booth. During Reconstruction, the blue economy experienced a tre mendous industrial boom, while the South struggled through Reconstruction (Powers 48). Immigrants began pouring into northern cities and provided a cheap labor inception for Northern Industry. The south remained primarily agricultural. Much of the Gilded Age can be seen as a response to the result of the events of Reconstruction. Almost all of the Gilded Age politics revolved around the effort of the government to find some system so they could regulate big business and to regulate its witness abuses. Machine Politics was the governments response. The first reason machine politics worked was because there were no secret ballots (Mandelbaum 135). Ballots were very colorful and it was easy to ordinate who someone was voting for when they went to the polls (... ...a, hoped to train blacks for humble but respectable professions. He looked for peaceful race relations and small steps forward. Dubois, was the first black man to hold a degree form a Harvard graduate school, vigorously d isagreed with Washington and sought equality, hoping to develop a black elite. At the Niagara Conference, Dubois helped punctuate the groundwork for the later National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(Foner 253). Overall, the Gilded Ages impact on America was positive. It is hard to remember life with out many things that have come out of the Gilded Age. The government learned not to let monopolies get too strong, and the industrial lay out helped immigration, turning the United States into the melting pot of the world. The Gilded Age also was the start in the process of America trying to get over its racial differences and problems.

The Life and Sensibility of Jane Austen :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Life and Sensibility of Jane Austen Jane Austen has often been considered a woman who guide a narrow, inhibited life and who rarely traveled. These assertions are far from the truth. Jane Austen traveled more than most women of her time and was quite involved in the lives of her brothers, so some(prenominal) that it often interfered with her writing. Like most writers, Jane drew on her experiences and her dreams for the future and incorporated them into her writing. Her characters reflect the people around her the main characters reflect parts of herself. In sense impression and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Mansfield Park, Elinor Dashwood, Elizabeth Bennet, and Fanny Price all reflect aspects of Jane Austen and dreams she had that were never fulfilled. Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, the sixth of seven children, to a rector and his wife. Jane was raised among books and began indicant and writing at an early age. Her brother Henry said her recitation s tarted very early, and it was difficult to say at what age she was not intimately acquaint with the merits and defects of the best essays and novels in the English language (Tomalin 67). Her earliest works date to age twelve, although she most likely wrote pieces before then. Her family often read Shakespeare together in the evenings. Her mother enjoyed writing verse and often wrote poetry to celebrate happy occasions. Jane grew up with an appreciation for writing and literature. The biographies about Jane Austen describe the facts of her life in a step-by-step manner. They tend to be repetitive since she did not leave behind a rich fabric of day-to-day life. Yet Jane Austen is kn sustain not because of the factual details of her life she is not remembered two hundred years after her death because she had six siblings and was a wonderful aunt to her nieces and nephews. Rather, Jane Austen is remembered because of what she wrote, her ouvre. Only through reading her literature doe s one get a taste of the real Jane Austen, the Jane Austen who dreamed and made plans for the future that failed to materialize. Therefore, I have attempted to describe the life of Jane Austen by interpreting her novels and picking three main characters who I feel most closely serve as her alter ego. A writer writes from his or her own experiences only by analyzing Jane Austens characters do we get an understanding of the true author.

Description of The Beach Essay -- Personal Narratives, Descriptive, Ob

The waves are crashing. The sun is setting. People are laughing andembracing chthonian the sunset. I feel the sand squish slowly through my toesas I gaily walk down the shoreline of the Outer Banks. My all time dearieplace to be is the beach. The weather at the beach is the around quarrelingof all places in the world. One minute you are relaxing lazily on the light-hairedseashore reading a most invigorating book. I sit engrossed and allow thefoamy mist from the rampant ocean spray your bet lightly as though it wasthe touch of a feather. Off in the distance the sun begins to set in asleepy unhurried fashion. It is the most beautiful sight I have ever seen.The colors swirl together in a muddled mass across the sky. Crash frighten offThe sky turns wild. Lightning hurls itself across what was once the tameuncaring heaven.Thunder booms while the atmosphere relieves itself of unwanted moisture. Aviolent explosion of heavenly emotion has replaced my amicable evening. Whatcould be mor e exciting than living in a place where your plans could beintruded upon so abrasively by a cause you cannot control?Sand fastness building is the most enjoyable and childish activity availableto people over the age of ten. Building sand castles is a very creativeprocess. First, I have to decide what type of architecture I am going toconstruct my castle around. The architecture can be old-fashioned,contemporary, or even imaginary. Next, I mus...

Contemporary Music Analysis and Speculation :: essays research papers

Nuova Consonanza - NC Berlino 1969The piece begins with about 3 sounds occurring concurrently. I tail assembly identify a guitar or similar string instrument distinctly. I overly hear a wind instrument drone. As the piece progresses, I hear random noises in the background. These begin with an object sliding down a wire, creating a downward scale effect. High fling piano that is low in intensity is heard. Suddenly I hear a squeaky, high pitched sound that sounds like squeaking on glass with wet fingers. This is soon followed by clinging objects such as keys. It sounds as if they are made of plastic or wood. The squeaky sound continues and becomes more regular and frequent. Added to it is a sound similar to a xylophone. I hear objects being struck that produce different tones, strong point in pitch. The mood of the piece gradually changes into a darker aura. Deeper, lower pitched rhythm section begins to take over as the most-noticed sound in the piece. This low percussion gets lo uder and more frequent, leading into some high pitched sounds that resemble an object striking wooden planks. Soon after, I begin to notice the sound of huntsmans horn or some other hardiness instrument backed by low pitched percussion, such as a bass drum. The brass is coupled by what sounds like a squeaky hinge for a short time. The metal-on-metal sound heard here is very distinct. These sounds gradually fade away as the piece becomes more silent. The instrumentation becomes more drone-like, resembling the beginning of the piece. After the period of reduced volume, I hear several instruments making short, fast sounds. The drone agency continues, as the short, fast sounds are clearly the secondary focus. The first sound I identify sounds like a human blowing into a long tube. adjoining I hear a flute and what sounds like a high pitched electric motor speeding and slowing. This transitions into high pitched, continuous percussion, which sounds like cymbals. The brass heard before continues but now it is much more continuous and drone-like. After a while the volume gets louder, while the sounds continue in a drone fashion. The sounds fade away, but as the piece ends I hear springs creaking and a human inhale.As a listener I can categorize this piece into the collage category. I feel that while listening I am among a collection of objects and am free to observe each one of them at any given time.

Barbie :: miscellaneous

BarbieGood afternoon everyone. Im Dr. Nikolovski and Im here to talk to you about the contr oversial Barbie. Barbie, recently turned 40, is perhaps the most debated about childs toy in the world. She is sold in over 150 Countries and is known to almost every child and adult worldwide. According to creator Mattel, over 93% of all Australian girls aged between 3 and 10 own at least one Barbie each, and the typical American girl of the same age has on average 9. So what does this dumbfound of say perfection have to do with real life you may ask? This successful toy whom is considered to promote an unhealthy lifestyle and image, is a role model of millions of girls around the world, including you daughters. Today I am here to put you any doubts you may have to rest and to promote Barbie as a good and enliven toy for your children to be playing with. Barbie is one of the most enduring stars in the world. Shes loved, hated, tortured, adored and disemboweled by millions. But the argumen t still remains, that Barbie is a unstable role model for young girls. While some agree yes, I definitely believe no Barbie has been blamed for quite a few things. take disorders being one them, as a result of her anorexia-inspired body. However it must be noted that eating disorders are proven to be a psychological disease, just as something like schizophrenia. How a doll, a toy, something for girls to play with is able to be responsible for such a disease is a question Id be curious to hear answered. Especially as the girls whom play with Barbie are those aged between 3 and 10. Barbie has been around since March 1959, and Im yet to hear about an eating disorder directly linked with her. I believe that Barbie is an inspiration to young girls in her multiple careers. Which over the days have included things from tennis player, presidential candidate, and paleontologist to an astronaut, which was back in 1964, before there were any women astronauts. This years new generation mil lennium Barbie of 2002 is set to head off to international High School in New York. Barbies instant success was not from her body or looks, exclusively clearly from what came with her. Its clear now that her ultimate success is her transformation like qualities.

Barbie :: miscellaneous

BarbieGood afternoon everyone. Im Dr. Nikolovski and Im here to discourse to you about the controversial Barbie. Barbie, recently turned 40, is perhaps the most debated about childs gip in the world. She is sold in over one hundred fifty Countries and is known to almost every child and adult worldwide. According to creator Mattel, over 93% of all Australian girls aged between 3 and 10 own at least one Barbie each, and the typical American girl of the same age has on average 9. So what does this model of supposed beau ideal deem to do with real life you may ask? This successful toy whom is considered to promote an unhealthy lifestyle and image, is a fibre model of millions of girls near the world, including you daughters. Today I am here to put you any doubts you may have to rest and to promote Barbie as a good and inspiring toy for your children to be playing with. Barbie is one of the most enduring stars in the world. Shes loved, hated, tortured, adored and disemboweled by mi llions. But the argument still remains, that Barbie is a bad role model for young girls. While some agree yes, I definitely believe no Barbie has been blamed for quite a few things. Eating disorders universe one them, as a result of her anorexia-inspired body. However it must be noted that eating disorders are proven to be a mental disease, meet as something like schizophrenia. How a doll, a toy, something for girls to play with is able to be responsible for such a disease is a question Id be curious to hear answered. Especially as the girls whom play with Barbie are those aged between 3 and 10. Barbie has been around since March 1959, and Im and to hear about an eating disorder directly linked with her. I believe that Barbie is an inspiration to young girls in her multiple careers. Which over the years have included things from tennis player, presidential candidate, and paleontologist to an astronaut, which was back in 1964, before there were any women astronauts. This years new generation millennium Barbie of 2002 is engraft to head off to international High School in New York. Barbies instant success was not from her body or looks, but all the way from what came with her. Its clear now that her ultimate success is her transformation like qualities.

Nike Creative Brief

Nike Creative Brief Key FactNike is brand pertain that is well respected and has a long-standing history. The brand name Nike is almost synonymous with the word sport or the term athlete. Problem Communications Must exceedNike is the leader in Textile Footwear and App bel, despite this Nike is still seen by some as unethical because of their labor practices overseas. Communications ObjectiveNike hopes to change this perception without having to change its business model.By continuing to be the leader and setting the standard in the Textile Footwear and Apparel category, Nike hopes to eventually disconnect itself from that negative perception. principal CompetitionReebok Smaller, but still lots of life, they own the rights to many professional sports uniforms such as the NFL and the NBA. Adidas The most like Nike. They mostly make their living finish off of Soccer apparel and footwear. Under Armor The up and coming brand, they have the edge athletic wear that athletes wear un der their uniforms.Target AudienceDemographics People who are active, they like to go on a walk, run, or jog. Or people who are athletes. Psychographics I like to have the newest and freshest looking athletic wear. Im not very price-sensitive as long as the product looks and feels good. Dominant Leverage PointOnly Nike offers such a vast selection of athletic wear and footwear. The best of the best athletes such as LeBron James, Kobe Bryant, and Michael Jordan endorse Nike and have their own annotations of apparel and shoes.Support (Reasons Why)Nike provides apparel and footwear to countries all over the world. Nike has the worlds greatest athletes endorsing their products. Nike has the largest line of products available to its customers. Tonality (Brand Soul)Fresh, flashy, fun, the best. The worlds best athletes wear Nike. Anticipated Consumer ResponseDude I got these fresh new Nikes, lets free rein some sports Mandatory and Policy LimitationsNike Logo Nike Tagline Just do it W eb address www. nike. com

Effect Size and Classroom Management Essay

Teachers play various pieces in a typical classroom, but surely one of the roughly measurable is that of classroom manager. Effective teaching and attainment cannot take place in a poorly managed classroom. If learners are disorderly and disrespectful, and no apparent rules and procedures guide behavior, chaos becomes the norm. In these situations, both instructors and savants suffer. Teachers struggle to teach, and students nigh likely learn much less than they should. In line of reasoning, well-managed classrooms provide an environment in which teaching and learning can flourish. But a well-managed classroom doesnt just appear out of nowhere.It takes a good deal of effort to createand the person who is nigh responsible for creating it is the teacher. We live in an era when inquiry tells us that the teacher is probably the atomic number 53 most important factor affecting student exploitat least(prenominal) the single most important factor that we can do much about. To illustrate, as a result of their study involving some 60,000 students, S. Paul Wright, Sandra Horn, and William Sanders (1997) note the following The results of this study allow enrolment that the most important factor affecting student learning is the teacher.In addition, the results show wide variation in effectiveness among teachers. The immediate and clear intimation of this finding is that seemingly more can be done to improve education by improving the effectiveness of teachers than by any other single factor. Effective teachers appear to be effective with students of all achievement levels regardless of the levels of heterogeneity in their classes. If the teacher is inefficacious, students under that teachers tutelage depart achieve inadequate progress academically, regardless of how similar or variant they are regarding their academic achievement. p. 63) emphasis in original Researcher Kati Haycock (1998) uses the findings of this study and others conducted by William Sanders and his colleagues (e. g. , Sanders & Horn, 1994) to paint a dramatic picture of the profound impact an individual teacher can collapse on student achievement.The point is illustrated in Figure 1. 1, which depicts the differences in achievement between students who spend a year in class with a highly effective teacher as opposed to a highly ineffectual teacher. According to Figure 1. 1, tudents in the classes of teachers classified as the most effective can be pass judgment to gain about 52 centile points in their achievement over a years time. pupils in the classes of teachers classified as least effective can be expected to gain still about 14 percentile points over a years time. This comparison is even more dramatic when one realizes that some researchers have estimated that students will exhibit a gain in learning of about 6 percentile points simply from maturationfrom growing one year older and gleaning wise knowledge and information through everyday life (see Ha ttie, 1992 Cahen & Davis, 1987).The least effective teachers, then, add little to the development of students knowledge and skill beyond what would be expected from simply growing one year older in our complex, information-rich society. Figure 1. 1. Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Student Achievement Sanders and his colleagues, who gathered their data from elementary school students in Tennessee, are not the only ones to document dramatic differences in achievement between students in classes taught by highly ineffective versus highly effective teachers. Haycock (1998) reports similar findings from studies conducted in Dallas and Boston.I have come to similar conclusions in my work, although I have taken a very different approach from that used in the studies that form the basis for Haycocks conclusions. Whereas the studies conducted in Tennessee, Dallas, and Boston were based on data acquired from students over time, I used a research process called meta-analysis to synthesize the research on effective schools over the last 35 years (see Marzano, 2000a, 2003b). That approach enabled me to separate the effect on student achievement of a school (in general) from the effect of an individual teacher. Figure 1. 2 illustrates my findings.Figure 1. 2. Effects of a School vs. a Teacher on Student Entering at fiftieth Percentile To understand the impact that a teacher can make, lets consider each of the five scenarios in Figure 1. 2. (For a detailed discussion of how the computations in Figure 1. 2 were derived, see Marzano, 2000a. ) As depicted in Figure 1. 2, if a student begins at the 50th percentile in mathematics, lets say, and attends an average school and has an average teacher, her achievement will still be at the 50th percentile at the end of about two years. The student has learned enough to keep pace with her peers.But what happens to that student if she attends a school that is considered one of the least effective and is unfortunate enough to have a t eacher who is classified as one of the least effective? After two years she has dropped from the 50th percentile to the 3rd percentile. She may have learned something about mathematics, but that learning is so sporadic and unorganized that she has lost considerable ground in a short time. In the third scenario, the same student is in a school classified as most effective, but she has a teacher classified as least effective.Although the student entered the class at the 50th percentile, two years later she leaves the class at the 37th percentile. In contrast to the two previous scenarios, the fourth presents a very optimistic picture. The student is not only in a school classified as most effective, but in any case is in the class of a teacher classified as most effective. She enters the class at the 50th percentile, but she leaves at the 96th percentile. The ordinal scenario most dramatically depicts the impact of an individual teacher. Again, the student is in a school that is con sidered least effective, but she is with a teacher classified as most effective.The student now leaves the class at the 63rd percentile13 percentile points higher than the point at which she entered. It is this last scenario that truly depicts the importance of individual teachers. take down if the school they work in is highly ineffective, individual teachers can produce powerful gains in student learning. Although the effect the classroom teacher can have on student achievement is clear, the dynamics of how a teacher produces such an effect are not simple. Rather, the effective teacher performs many functions.These functions can be organized into three major roles (1) reservation wise choices about the most effective instructional strategies to employ, (2) designing classroom curriculum to facilitate student learning, and (3) making effective use of classroom management techniques. The first role deals with instructional strategies and their use. Effective teachers have a wide a rray of instructional strategies at their disposal. They are skilled in the use of cooperative learning and graphic organizers they know how best to use homework and how to use questions and advance organizers, and so on.Additionally, they know when these strategies should be used with specific students and specific content. Although cooperative learning ability be highly effective in one lesson, a different approach might be better in another lesson. Some general strategies that have a good research track record in terms of enhancing student achievement have been detailed in Classroom Instruction That Works Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001). The second role associated with effective teaching is classroom curriculum design.This means that effective teachers are skilled at identifying and articulating the proper sequence and pacing of their content. Rather than relying totally on the scope and sequence provided by the district or the textbook, they consider the needs of their students collectively and individually and then determine the content that requires emphasis and the most appropriate sequencing and presentation of that content. They are also highly skilled at constructing and arranging learning activities that present new knowledge in different formats (e. g. stories, explanations, demonstrations) and different media (e. g. , oral presentations, written presentations, video presentations, Web-based presentations, simulations, hands-on activities). The third role involved in effective teaching is classroom management. This, of course, is the subject of this book. The following chapters detail and exemplify the various components of effective classroom management. forwards delving into classroom management, however, it is important to note that each of these three roles is a necessary but not sufficient component of effective teaching.That is, no single role by itself is sufficient to guar antee student learning, but take one out of the mix and you probably guarantee that students will have difficulty learning. Nevertheless, a strong case can be made that effective instructional strategies and good classroom curriculum design are built on the root of effective classroom management. As Long and Frye (1985) note in their book, Making It Till Friday A Guide to Successful Classroom Management, it is a myth to consider that . . . ffective teachers can prevent all discipline problems by keeping students interested in learning through the use of exciting classroom materials and activities.The potential for problems exists beyond academics. Students experience difficulties at home which spill over into the classroom students experience problems with peers during class breaks and in the classroom which often involve the teacher and students experience sensory system changes which can generate problems, to name just a few. (pp. 34) Similarly, in their ynthesis of the research , Edmund Emmer, Julie Sanford, Barbara Clements, and Jeanne Martin (1982) note that At all public school grade levels, effective classroom management has been recognized as a crucial element in effective teaching. If a teacher cannot obtain students cooperation and involve them in instructional activities, it is tall(a) that effective teaching will take place In addition, poor management wastes class time, reduces students time on task and detracts from the quality of the learning environment.

How important is the role of complementary therapies and medicines within a modern health service?

Illustrate your answer with examples and, where possible, consider the impact that the growth of such remedies has had on attitudes within both(prenominal) the general common and the medical profession.Over the last decade peoples opinions towards medicine have changed, this has made a lot of people consider alternative addressment for illnesses, which before exceed they would have been seen as witch craft. Nowadays it is more(prenominal) socially acceptable and is used more widely to treat illnesses or used on the button as a relaxation method. When investigating any form of medical treatment, whether that be CAM or scientific medicine we need to be asking questionsIs it in force(p)?Is it skilful?How is it regulated?People still flip assumptions ab go forth complementary therapies, that it is outside the NHS so there is no regulating body to protect the clients or the practitioners, this is uncoiled for numerous areas but with continuing investigate and the need for mor e funding I believe that it will gain the recognition that it deserves, and this will collapse the admission for more regulatory bodies to become mandatory. When people say that it is outside conventional medical stoping, this can be true but many practitioners of complementary therapy train for many old age degree take, and there are 20 universities which offer degrees in Complementary Medicine, however there are some people who just decide to practice without any form of training and I believe that these are the people who misuse and harm the ideology of complementary therapies. Is it safe? I believe it is safe as long as you go to a reputable practitioner, who would normally have been trained to degree level and has taken out insurance for their clinic.One good point to argue is that it is natural, and with GPs not wanting to continually prescribe for example antibiotics this is a natural way to treat illnesses without chemical substance use of tablets. Is it effective?, thi s has got to be the most crucial question that needs to be answered, practitioners of Complementary Medicine believe that when using cure intervention is effective if it influences the course of a disease in a patient in a good way. When assessing if it effective in treating disease then you would need to liken without any other treatment, as this is very rarely possible then it is hard to gain evidence to support this question fully.Within are lessons we conducted a survey which asked people if they had used Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), we also asked them whether they considered it to work and if they was referred by their GP or went privately and had to pay themselves. Every soul took 10 copies to be filled in by their families and friends then all the data totalling 114 people was collated together, the results indicated that very few people were referred by their GP, but many people said that it worked successfully. The results of this survey are attached t o this essay.The most commonly used CAM therapies are* Acupuncture* Chiropractic* Osteopathy* Homeopathy* Herbal medicine* Massage Therapy there are also many other CAM therapies for sale, examples of these are, Reflexology, Hypnotherapy, Aromatherapy, Reiki, and Faith or spiritual healing. All of these methods people can find easy glide path to, if however, they are willing to pay, due to the lack of GPs who have the funding or believe that it will work, I will talk about this more later. Acupuncture originates from the Far eastern countries and has been practised there for thousands of years, although many practitioners provide a Western form of medical Acupuncture, which is based on modern understanding involving the bodys nervous system. Osteopathy and Chiropractic are both highly recommended therapies and seem to be the only two who have their own regulatory councils and gives the name primitive care practitioners to those who carry out the service. Osteopathy is used to t reat any age group and it uses soft tissue massage, stretching and manipulation separation techniques, which helps to treat spinal pain, muscle or joint pain or sports related injuries.Chiropractors treat the nervous system and improving skeletal movement, they also use spinal manipulation to help sufferers of migraines, repetitive strain and sciatica. The Royal Family and 1 in 5 of the population, regularly use homeopathy, it treats people by using the method that whatever can make ill you can also make you well, it is more commonly used to treat eczema, arthritis, asthma and PMS. Herbal Medicine is the oldest method of medicine and is used all over the world with sales top-flight 126 million every year from over the counter therapies. The most common illnesses which it treats are migraines, arthritis, depression, insomnia and lung, stomach, blood and skin disorders. Massage Therapy, is the manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes, and is commonly used along side cance r therapy and is also popular amongst athletes.In 1995, Kate J Thomas, J P Nicholl and Margaret Fall, conducted a survey of how many GPs were referring their patients to CAM. They send out their questionnaires via the post to 1226 individual GPs in a random cluster sample or GP partnerships in England, this was 1 in 8 GP partnerships in England in 1995. The method set by them was to assess estimates of the number of practices offering in-house access to any form of complementary therapies or if this was not available were they making referrals outside the practice, and if there was any funding available for CAM. The total number of returned questionnaires was 964 (78.6%). Out of those, 760 also gave detailed information.The results showed that an estimated 39.5% of GP partnerships offered some form of access to CAM for their NHS patients. An estimated 21.4% offered it via a member of the primary health care team, 6.1% had employed andindependent CAM therapist, and an estimated 24.6% made referrals for CAM. The volume of CAM available within any individual service seemed to be humble acupuncture and homoeopathy are the most commonly available therapies. The number of patients who had to pay for the services of CAM, which were recommended by their GPs, was 25%. The survey found that fund retention practices were more likely to offer CAM compared to non-fund holding practices, these figures are 45% versus 36%. This proved that fund holding practices had more scope to offer CAM at the primary care level, evidence was also available to show that unless the primary care groups and primary care trusts help to support the provision of CAM to all practices then the level of which it is available will decline within time.There is always going to be doctors who are opposed to CAM, it was easy to find evidence of this, on the BBC website I found two articles straight away, the first headlined as, Doctors attack bogus therapies. The article goes on to describe how some o f Britains leading doctors are urging the NHS to stop using CAM and to only pay for medicine which has been turn out with solid evidence that it is successful, there are concerned about the amount of money that the NHS is spending on unproved or disapproved treatments, like those used by practitioners of CAM. They talk about Herceptin creation of high cost so the NHS dont regularly fund it, but these bogus therapies are being funded. Prince Charles advocates CAM and wants the funding to continue, he also wants it to be integrated with conventional medicine, he told the World Health Assembly in GenevaThe proper mix of proven complementary, traditional and modernremedies, which emphasises the active participation of the patient, canHelp to create a powerful healing force in the world.(Prince Charles, BBC News, 2006)This statement is criticised by doctors as Implausible treatment, meaning that more than 12 reviews done off CAM have failed to produce any evidence of the effectiveness of CAM. Dr Peter Fisher, of the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital, says that these doctors contend CAM seem to be causing a Medical apartheid within the NHS. Evidence in this article says that about half of GPs are thought to refer patients to CAM.My culture is that all the evidence points to the fact that general practitioners are just not ready for the change, they have trained at medical school for 5 years learning to use chemical drugs, and have been taught to trust them, which is good, but I feel that they need to be more open to the fact that the methods that CAM offer is beneficial to complement chemical drugs, and sometimes can eliminate the use of chemical drugs where relaxation is more beneficial.Take for example someone with stress, which can lead to depression, in this case anti depressants would be the most common form of chemical drugs, but say however the patient was offered massage therapy or aromatherapy to relax them, this may in the long run be more beneficia l to the patients health. The implications of long time chemical drug use has been publicised many of times, yet there is no evidence to suggest that the services that CAM offer would harm with long term use. So why is the funding not available for more research to be done to help gain peoples confidence in CAM? I agree that times are hard with the NHS, but really in the volume of matters with the government it always comes down to funding or rather lack of funding.If we take funding/money out of the equation then is another riddle area for CAM that people have closed minds, in that they do not want to try something new? It would be interesting if the ages of the General Practitioners were available who quickly refer patients on to organisations that use CAM, because as people get older they become less accustomed to change, and are the new generation of doctors more open to change, whereas the older generation of doctors are more prone to not changing from chemical drugs. I will be interested to see what happens with the introduction of more CAM services within the NHS, will time change things? We can only wait and see, but personally I would like to see more of CAM introduced in the NHS.

Hannibal Barca

As to the transcendent military genius of Hannibal there cannot be two opinions. The man who for xv years could hold his ground in a hostile country against several powerful armies and a succession of able generals must have been a commander and a tactician of supreme capacity Robert Garland Though this claim may seem questionable to our post Handballs world, It was moreover the experience of the Second Punic state of war the first stimulated the Romans to write a national history.Populous chose BBC to begin narrative of Romeos take over of the Mediterranean It is largely due to Hannibal defeat at Zamia that we gestate here straight off as the heirs of Garage Romano culture.Had Gossip lost there is no guarantee that the Carthaginian would have incorporated Hellenic culture into their support It was the Hannibal war which drew he Romans Into the Greek orbit as never before who Arguably Hannibal greatest legacy is that he left Rome with no serious rival Linda -Marie Gunter wri tes that Hannibal historical importance lies In the fact hat he brought to light to his contemporaries and to later generations the restlessness s of Romeos politics of union and expansion Live on Romeos condition after Canaan. The consuls and two consular armies had been destroyed and there was no longer any Roman camp or any general. On Toynbee an instance of an attempt to attach blame for a historical event on a single individual, and few historians or environmentalists would today treat the clan seriously Poet Juvenile the man whom Africa could not contain, who added Scallop to his empire, who leapt over the Presses.

Fashion Theory

Its a Jungle Out There he based his design work on the Thomson gazelle, install in East Africa. The order used many animal skins, and featured this brown fur Jacket with horns protruding from the shoulders. Macaque used this to symbolize the relationship amidst animals and humankinds. With this Jacket Macaque uses the horns as a signifier signifying power, freedom as well as survival Using this on female models good sense power and force thus giving them empowerment, which was one of his signifier.With usage of the fierce makeup techniques, the female conformity appears formidable and mighty. The symbolism of the horns used suggests power and the ability to defend them selves effective as the Gazelles do with predators and when courting, while the leather symbolisms resilience. Macaque strategically places the horns on the shoulders of the Jacket, creating a broader silhouette on the female forming an androgynous profile. This then links to the stereotypical cordial structur e, in which males dominate.The exaggerated shoulders appear to symbolism the limbs of the gazelle reinforcing the minimalists eaters within the design of the garment forming the beginning of the human- animal hybrid. Macaque believed that like a Gazelle, humans are doomed in life and are destined to die at the hands of their predators. Just like a gazelle entrust be hunted and destroyed, a human will be forgotten and lost if they do not fight for their survival is society and continue to be remarked and discerned. It is ironic that although animals are usually seen as a inferior existence in rank to humans, Macaque uses them to portray strength and power.Here the roles are reversed and unmans are relying on these beasts to represent their ennoblement signifying an exchange of power. Having said this, Macaque, with the animal symbolism, signified freedom. A freedom of expression and identity as an individual, as apposed to conforming. Suzan Hens Macaque however was not the only desi gner to used horns as imagery and symbols within his collection to represent society through fashion. South African born designer Suzan Haynes also used this symbolism in her newly opened store in Mellower Arch.Suzan admits to gathering her influences from her travels and exposure to the natural. Haynes replaced the heads of her mannequins in her Mellower arch store with those of reindeers. Her intention of this was to create a fantasy within her store. The signifier identified is a female form with a reindeer head thus creating the hybrid. This signifies the fantasy that Suzan intends to create. The female form is positioned in such a manner in which to present a ladylike heir of grace to the mannequin. This demure stance is Juxtaposed by the use of the reindeer head. This signifies raw animal instinct.The animal instinct in this consideration (Store setting) is erectly related to the carnal desire in relation to consumption. It signifies that consumers should be able to give into this desire for fashion as an animal would towards their instinct. This image emphasizes human restraint opposed to animal impulse. This correlates with Roland bathes semiotic theory that links to stories and myth. He argued that there is an agenda behind communication and that agenda is ideology. The idea that the myth is a misrepresentation and has to do with covering something up and what is really going on. Inanimate and animate models and animals

Susan B. Anthony Speech

Effective Speech Susan B. Anthony Speech 1873 Susan B. Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 and she was one of the many wo custody in the nineteenth atomic number 6 to fight for womens rights. She would travel all told over the terra firma and create petitions for the right for women to vote and also slavery. She was an abolitionist, an educational reformer, a labor activist, and of course a womens right campaigner. As brave as she was, she voted illegally in the presidential election of 1872 in Rochester, New York and arrested.They had fined her 100 dollars but did not jug her, which she refused to pay. The next year, Susan presented a nomenclature explaining and demanding that women had the right vote just as much as men did. She states, It was we, the people not we, the white male citizens nor nevertheless we, the male citizens but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. (1873). She pointed out that the constitution itself stated that people as a whole would help and co ntribute to justice and introduction in the United States.Most importantly, Susan Anthonys livery in 1873 was effective in every way. Although, it took as long as 14 old age after her speech for women to have the lawful right to vote and exactly one degree centigrade years after her birth, she campaigned and petitioned all over the estate and was part of several organizations against slavery, womens suffrage and the labor movement. She fought and petitioned for the thirteenth amendment which was to outlaw slavery. She was threatened by many people and humiliated but nothing stopped Susan from continuing to fight for everyones rights.I define effective as being helpful and successful, in Susans case, it wasnt successful right away, but her intelligence throughout all the years after her arrest, made her stronger and thats what made her goal become a success, she never gave up. The speech took place in 1872 in Rochester, New York after she voted for the presidential election. It was after the judge had fined her with $100 to pay for unlawfully voting for a candidate. The court room was filled with politics, former presidents, women and men that supported her words.She stood alone at the Canandaigua Courthouse and gave her speech before her sentencing. She stood handcuffed but nothing stopped Susan B. Anthony from expressing her feelings towards the authorities that were trying to keep her from voting. Susan opened her speech by addressing it to each and every single person in the room. She did not mention plainly men or only women but stated, Friends and fellow citizens. Her main ideas that she was mainly center on getting crosswise were the constitution itself explained how we the people were to help establish a better and equal America.She did not understand why the constitution contradicted itself because later, women were still not allowed to vote. She also explained, if the giving medication wouldnt allow women to vote, they were degrading us. For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one constitutional half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever and a day withheld from women and their female posterity (Susan B.Anthony 1873). In this quote she strongly expresses her feelings and beliefs, if the government were to ever pass that law, liberty and equality were to be taken from women forever. Women all over the nation supported her and felt the same exact way. She used effective language and everyone understood where she was coming from. Susan was very motivating and persuading, not only in her speech but many of the other speeches she had presented in the past in court rooms, events in town during the womanhoods suffrage movement.She created petitions all over the nation to get people to support her so she would have many reasons and support ers when the time would come. The speech wasnt so conversational but more of a refinement words speech before she was sentenced. She had many goals she wanted to achieve but her main concern was to be able to have the same rights as men had. Men at the time had the right to vote, and were eligible to run as a candidate in a presidential election. They treated women as animals that were not capable of managing anything and had no say in who would be the best choice for America.Many people were emotionally affected by Susans speech because she wasnt only fighting for herself but for other women and also slaves. She did not only think about herself but others too. People realized that she casted this vote for women and slaves so that the government would manage that Susan was no longer taking any disrespect from her fellow citizens. Im not sure if she was well prepared because when she had given her speech she was in court. She probably felt a lot of pressure because this speech dete rmined if they would really listen to her or sentence her to a long time in jail or bombard her with fines from he government. The text from the speech is well said and well thought out, every word came out one hundred percent strong and she spoke with powerful words. If you pay attention on how she stands up for women and the slaves at the time, she was very serious and completely heartbroken because of the decisions and laws that the government had created at the time. To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy a hateful oligarchy of sex the most hateful aristocracy ever accomplished on the face of the globe an oligarchy of wealth, where the spicy govern the poor.An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the develop and sisters, the w ife and daughters, of every household which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation(Susan B . Anthony 1873 Speech) Susan believed that the government ad only focused on the negativity.Instead of them trying to educate the ignorant, why wouldnt they try to educate just people in general? Not everyone had the same opportunities as other so why not give them the opportunity to learn and share that knowledge. She also didnt understand why the head of household was of all time addressed as the father, or if the father died the son would take his place for example in a royal chain, if the king dies, the son automatically became king. The rich were always the superior because they had the money. I support Susan B.Anthony completely because even though, it took many years for the law to become effective, she did everything possible to help out women and slaves. She risked her life in some situations, was arres ted for illegally voting knowing she couldnt vote but did anyways for the sake of women. She has motivated me to want to be superior in a voluminous company one day. The CEO of many companies are always men and very few women. Society has painted a picture out for us that make us think automatically that the CEO of a popular firm or chain is man instead of a woman.Also, America endure in 2008 had the chance to vote a woman for president, Hilary Clinton, but we did not because we felt as if she wasnt capable of running a country all on her own and America wasnt ready for a woman president. Others believed that if she were to have won the election, Bill Clinton wouldve helped her run this country which is a very banish comment to say. There is nothing I would have changed about her speech but what I would have changed was the timing of the law becoming effective. Susan was an extraordinary woman who had courage, determination, and motivated many other women after that to continue h er footsteps.

Free College Essay

President Obama has outlined his proposal to offer the first two years of connection college free for students, or as he has said in his speech to lower the constitute of community college to zero. Obama believes that whether young or old, just starting out, or simply looking for a punter crease, this could utility millions of Americans. The program would provide tuition-free classes for students going to school at least half time who maintain a GPA of 2. 5 or higher(prenominal) and are trying to obtain a higher degree or are transferring to a four-year institution.The proposal would guide federal government to cover 75 percent of the average cost of community college, and the program calls for states to pick up the remaining quarter of the tab. Overall, this proposal could benefit the American population and thus better the American nation. The most crucial reason why this proposal will succeed is that more people in America will attend college. This will all around have a po sitive have an effect on American society, and economy. Lowering the unemployment come in can help to reduce many factors such as, crime rate, well-fare,and overall national debt. On the other hand, community colleges may become over move due to the increased number of students. Despite this minor complication, having more people attend college is in America would be phenomenal. A majority of Americans believe the cost of a college education at a state university, or community college is unaffordable. Having the first two years of community college free will open up opportunities to many. This will allow students first starting out to begin their educational course debt free.College debt is a major problem in todays society, and holds back many from achieving higher goals. However, passage of a bill making community college free could have a dramatic effect on the cost of higher education. If community college is free, many other schools will have to lower their prices in order to stay competitive. Free higher education, even if only for two years, could be a game-changer. public life of Obamas proposal is far from a sure thing. If it does pass, at this point the best we can do is speculate about the different possibleoutcomes.However, we do know one thing for sure. Obamas proposal is a bold approach to repairing a broken higher education system. Student contribute borrowers are reminded of how badly broken the system is each month they pay huge student loan bills. The more that can be done to fix this system, the better. Overall, this bill will benefit most Americans. If Obamas proposal is given passage it will create an abundance of opportunities for American citizens. These opportunities include more job positions, a thriving economy, expansion, etc.In spite of the endless benefits, at the end of the day someone is responsible for paying the two-year free tuition. This causes header to tax payers and the state on the tab they are left to pick up. Alth ough, taxes may increase, the decrease in student loans will greatly outweigh the cost. In conclusion, this bill can aid anyone from past generations to new, young to old, starting out or going back. This could change the entire way of American society for the better and continually push American as a nation in the right direction.

If i were a millionaire short Essay

Everyone commit dreams andand every dream is unlike with each others. Some of them sine qua non to be a teacher, and slightly of them want to be an astronaut, but for me, I have in interesting and marvelous dream. My dream is to become a millionaire. If I were a millionaire, would life have to change for me?Would I overhaul it every(prenominal) on myself and my family.But, how would I do that, I already have all that I want for a palmy and happy support, how and what would I add? Could then I be in a position to stand by others in need, with that money, as, with a million to spare, I could render a lot of help to several people in need. I shall invest few of my money in prize bonds, savingCertificates and the like. In this way I shall not yet hold fast benefit for Myself but besides help my pastoral in its development plans. Further, I shall clear schools and colleges that will realize free education with Board and populate to pitiful students. I shallSet out on a world tour to k now about the living conditions and springer of different nations. It will give me first hand knowledge slightly life in other countries.I would spend all this money as my contribution towards mans rudimentary needs.Order tailoredpaper.com is a overlord essay writing service at which you can buy essays on any topics and disciplines All custom essays are written by professional writersA storehouse of knowledge would be constructed in the speculate of a public library, at the doors of which, poor people would get free education. It will contain a large fleck of valuable and rare books. It would help in making the poor, moralistic and self reliant.This library would have books which, besides knowledge, would also give the readers insight into their behaviors. I would also start for the poor however some vocational centres where they would be taught skills by virtue of which, they would, at a later stage be able to get a livelihood. The plight of the poor sick in our country is abso lutely sprightliness rending. I would like to ensure give-and-take ofthe urban poor in good, well established hospitals. This would be financed by me for at least a few patients.

Kotler Mkting Management Chapter 13

Designing and Managing work Discussion Questions 1. How do we define and classify run? 2. How do redevelopments differ from goods? 3. How can we achieve excellence in marketing services ? 4. How can we improve service quality? 5. How can goods marketers improve customer service? mistake 2 of 29 The Nature of suffices 2008 2018 Loss of 1. 2 million jobs 2008 2018 Gain of 14. 6 million jobs coast 3 of 29 Service An act or performance one party can offer to another that is mostly nonphysical and does not result in the ownership of anything. Slide 4 of 29 Categories of Service shamble Mix of goods & services Pure Tangible Good Hybrid Pure ServiceSoap Cell phone Babysitting Slide 5 of 29 Service Characteristics Intangibility Variability Perishability Empty seats Inseparability Slide 6 of 29 Intangibility Create tangible elements Place People Equipment Communication material Symbols Price Slide 7 of 29 Inseparability Work Faster Add More Service Providers Work with Larger G roups Slide 8 of 29 Variability Offer Guarantees Monitor Satisfaction Good Hiring and Training Slide 9 of 29 Overnight Hotel Stay Blueprint Slide 10 of 29 Perishability Empty seats Nonpeak Demand completing Services Reservation Systems Differential Pricing Slide 11 of 29 New Services RealitiesCustomer authority Satisfying Employees Customer Co-production Slide 12 of 29 Root Cause of Customer Failure Slide 13 of 29 What Customers Want from Providers Knowledgeable employees Address needs on first contact carry on me like a valued customer 65% 64% 62% 54% 49% 49% 45% 43% 38% Demonstrates desire to meet my needs Can quickly access culture Good value for the money Courteous employees Is a company/brand I can trust Treats me fairly Provides relevant/personalized service 0% 10% 20% 30% 31% 40% 50% 60% 70% Slide 14 of 29 Determinants of Service Quality Reliability Tangibles responsive Empathy Assurance Slide 15 of 29

Techniques and Study Skills

Identify and describe techniques and ara skills that whitethorn enhance your own discipline 856 words Effective train skills must be nice in order to improve. It is not enough to just now think about take uping we have to genuinely do it, and in the process use knowledge from what we do to get better. In this essay we impart identify and describe essay skills and techniques which may enhance the learning ability of the person. The essay will embarrass a description of study habits and preferred learning styles.And finally identification and description of techniques and study skills that may be instrumental for a tertiary students study plan. Better study skills pop off to better test-taking skill and of course better grades. The study habits and skills, that personally help me succeed are many. in front starting, there should al bearings be an appropriate study environment. Personally that includes limited noise, a lot of sunlight, trying surface to write and a c omfortable furniture. The first step is to make summary notes, choosing the close to primary(prenominal) ideas from my text book or lecture notes.Then organize these ideas in to a summary. Divide the information in to ideas, spreading them all over the page and then finding the relationship between them, to achieve this flashcards, approximation maps, flow charts or tables. Studding by using summary notes can help you memorize, develop problem resolution strategies and acquire more knowledge. Having quiet music playing in the background is very useful for memorizing information to me. Physically touching objects helps me focus my produce of mind when performing a task e. g. spinning the pen. severally of us is an private, and we all learn and think in different ways.There are few learning styles that stand for every personality and benefit in their own way. There are many ways that an individual can approach and find which style works best for them. According to Ward and Dal ey (1993, p. 59) V. A. R. K. is a simple(a) test that consists of many question, which at the end can determine which learning style best suits your personality. V. A. R. K. simply stands for Visual, Auditory, Read/Write and Kinaesthetic. The unrivalled learning style that mostly stands out and best suits me is kinaesthetic. Ward and Daley state hat kinaesthetic learners, learn best by doing hands on activities, in which they can physically manipulate something in order to learn about it. For example to teach someone something kinaesthetic good deal will demonstrate then let them have a go or when listening to a band they move in time with the music. According to Gilakjani (2012)people who use this style tend to lose stringency if there is little or no movement. When listening to lectures they may want to take notes for the sake of go their hands. When reading, they like to scan the material first, and then focus in on the details.They take notes by tipple pictures, diagrams, or doodling. Although kinaesthetic is my main learning style, there are other styles that benefit me in retrieve and understanding things. Visual and social are the second and third highest styles that help with my learning process. Visual learners look on best when colour, charts, diagrams or mind maps are involved in the study session. While interpersonal learners are highly social and love to be around people and participate in group activities. Interpersonal learners can understand someone by their mood, the way they stand or their intentions.Every person has different study skills and techniques that they use to help them with processing and learning new information. The amount of study skills is immense from hand typography to setting goals. The following techniques and study skills are useful to my learning 1. Do something while studying exploit a pencil or do something that occupies my hands without decoming distract. 2. Play music, when appropriate, during activities Tend to be less distracted by music while studying than other people. 3. Give frequent stretch breaks (brain breaks) break my study up into shorter periods, but also take shorter breaks.Regular 5 minute breaks can often be helpful to study far more, because by getting enough rest helps my concentration and thinking quality to improve. 4. call flashcard simply write a question or topic suggestion on one side of a card, and the answer or a list of details they should remember on the other side 5. Study with other people enjoy discussion, talking with others is often a great way to consolidate what is learnt. In conclusion the learning style is the way we tend to learn best. It involves our preferred mode of taking in, organizing, and making sense of information. Learning styles do not tell us bout a persons abilities or intelligence, but they can help us understand why some tasks seem easier for us than others. There are several benefits of thinking about and trying to understand t he learning preferences learning most effectively when the strategies used are closely matched with the preferred learning style we can improve learning by knowing what strengths and weaknesses are and then doing more of what is needed to achieve the goal different situations and learning environments require different learning strategies, so its best to have a large variety of techniques and study skills.REFERENCE Gilakjani, A. (2012, Vol. 2, No. 1). Visual, auditory, kinaesthetic learning styles and their impacts on English language teaching. Journal of Studies and Education. Ward, C. W. Daley, J. D. (1993), pp. 59. Learning to learn. Christchurch, New Zealand A & H Consultants Ltd.

Unemployment in UAE

United Arab Emi footsteps is one of GCC members which suffer unemployment summation since the early country phylogeny time of the 70th of the past century. According to the (C. I. A The World Factbook, n. d. ) the unemployment consecrate for the United Arab Emirates is 2. 1% with close to 32. 6% of Emirati men and 47. 7% of women out of work. This is based on a ask conducted in 2006 from a poll of 4,800 U. A. E nationals of functional age. To break it down even further, 73. 8% among those aged surrounded by 18-29 were unemployed. 18. 6% of individuals aged between 30-39 were unemployed. 30. % of individuals with a University degree were unemployed. Those of who argon educated at the secondary school take aim constituted a 35. 8% unemployment.This paper addresses and discusses the topic through several resources emerging the situation of unemployment in UAE based on statistics gathered since 2001 till 2010. Furthermore this paper spots and focuses on the associated reasons whi ch argon considered as root cause and the effective solution. (Muawia E. Ibrahim, 2004) wrote about the fluctuation of the unemployment among UAE nationals despite of the attractive offers in both open and close sector.Till 2002, 29900 nationals were registered as unemployed in addition to 12600 in 2003. In 2001& 2002, 7124 national was graduate from university this increment in the number of university graduates influenced the phenomena of the unemployment in UAE to score 35% of the original number 29900. According to the think ministry statistics only 9% of the total workforce was occupied by UAE nationals in 2003 and this situation referred to the incompatibility of donnish training and market requirements. The increase of the theoretical than practical academic isciplines graduates is one reason behind this phenomenon even the market demands the technological and professional field. The gap between the academic institution and the employment institution caused students to incorrectly select their studying major which is not required by the market. Because of the deterioration in the standards of students in mathematics, side of meat and Arabic, also lacking basic study skills, research ideas and personal abilities made the university and the higher colleges of technology to transcend money on training impudently admitted student in order for them to become educated with new academic life requirements.Accordingly, recommendation raised to the concerned institutions to cooperate in prescribing syllabus so that students atomic number 18 well prepared and capable of carrying on with their studies in higher education institution. Also, recommended strong and closer coordination between higher education institutions to design academic programmes that are aligned with the labour market demand. Ultimately the belief of the training students during college period is important to im locate the employment relationships. Elsa Baxter, 2009) clearly emphasis on unemployment among UAE nationals at its highest direct since the country was founded 38 historic period ago, with more than 40,000 Emiratis out of work. According to the National human Resources Development and enlisting (Tanmia) the UAE was ache unemployment crisis, which will continue to rise unless action is taken. While the local unemployment rate on an influx of expatriate labour and the failure of figures to create more jobs for locals.The UAE society like other Gulf societies is suffering from an article published by the Abu Dhabi based Emirates centre for Strategic Studies and research. Further, the unemployment rate among UAE nationals peaked at 13 percent at the end of 2008. The same rate for expatriates was just 2. 6 percent. Despite of the numerous efforts by the UAE government to tackle the unemployment riddle they had little effect. Overall, this problem started to convince us that there is a consort of imbalanced or legal gap, it could also be a lack of co ordination among those institutions. UAE unemployment rises to 4%, 2009) unemployment in the UAE jumped to 4 percent in 2008, from 3. 45 percent in 2007, according to figure from the Ministry of Economy. Considering the fact of expatriates have remaining the country since the global financial crises. Which means the jobless rate among expatriates will not increase sharply. The rate among UAE nationals records a higher increase given the rapid growth in their number. However, this is not basically for scotch reasons exactly due to the reluctance of nationals to join the private sector and their preference for the public sector.Anees Dayoub & Ben Flanagan, 2006), The high rate of unemployment among UAE nationals was revealed today in a study that found that 32. 6% of Emirati men, and 47. 7% of women, are not in work. Nepotism and the preference for imported labour were seen as being the two main factors behind this. The study by Sharjah University polled a random selection of 4,800 UAE nationals of working age. The unemployment rate among those aged 18-29 was 73. 8%, the newspaper said. In the 30-39 wall bracket 18. % of those polled were unemployed. Those with a university degree representing 30. 1% of the total unemployed are actually less likely to be in work than those with a diploma (21. 1% of the total). Those only educated to secondary school level constitute 35. 8% of people not in work. The predominate reason behind the high figures was nepotism where jobs are awarded to family members of management with 74. 3 per cent citing this as a cause.Competition from expatriates was a factor for 30. 9% of those surveyed. Nadim Kawach, 2004), entirely Arab League countries are suffering from such a problem but joblessness has remained under control in some members, including the UAE, on the grounds their development spending is still high and their economy has been growing close enough in some years. While unemployment in some member states is as high a s 20 per cent, it has remained as low as 1. 8 per cent over the past seven years in the UAE and Kuwait. Unemployment among UAE nationals is higher, standing at around six per cent, given the relatively low numbers of local manpower, according to official figures.But the reasons for unemployment among nationals in the UAE have nothing to do with economic performance but with completely different factors. They include a sharp increase in native graduates, their preference for working in the public sector and the reluctance of the private sector to recruit nationals on the grounds they are costlier. Figures revealed by Matar Humaid Al Tayer, Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, showed around 13,000 known nationals are looking for jobs, score for nearly six per cent of the total native workforce of around 200,000 at the end of ultimately year. More than 3,000 nationals are graduating from universities and institutes in the UAE every year and the rate is expected to continue until 20 15this requires serious measures to include all those graduates in the labour market, the Minister told the monthly bulletin of the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce and Industry. UAE has a riches of oil and is distinct from the rest of the Gulf population density low is supposed to not typeface many of the problems faced by countries with densely populated, but it turned out, through reports from parties interested in familiar and external different that the UAE suffer from the problem of unemployment .The problem has emerged since the early years of statehood movement development. Results of some of these reports prove the existence of the problem of unemployment in the UAE, which is high from the perspective of reality where the UAE Emiratis ratio of two percent of the total workforce, including the state and the rate of thirty-five percent of the UAE based unemployed are university graduates.Reports in this regard head that the unemployment rate continues to increase since the y ear two thousand and six months, until today, although observers show concern about this problem and its succeeding(a) if it remained the case as it is without any progress to solve the problem of unemployment. The truth is that reports attributed the occurrence of the problem of unemployment to many reasons, and of the most prominent and most powerful and realistic is the absence of the comprehensive educational plan and also the absence of co-ordination between state institutions concerned.One of the reasons that have contributed to exacerbate this problem economic complete between the year two thousand and three to the year two thousand and seven, this rapid intensify and non-measured by the state institutions to create a large gap between the requirements of the labor market and the qualifications of citizens of study process are available, and then came the setback of the global economic to receive its consequences on the State and increase the complexity of the problem. Inc urred higher education institutions and universities to pay huge ums in order to bridge this gap for the reclamation of citizens and provide them with the skills and science that correspond with the requirements of the labor market, as a temporary solution. On the other great deal it is also the reasons is the lack of awareness and poor performance of the individual citizen and not to highlight the seriousness with full phase of the moon opportunity for the development of educational qualifications and scientific capabilities to be able to bear the burden of the labor market. at that place are also other reasons contribute to the survival problem of unemployment in the State, such as nepotism and cronyism, which leads to loose opportunities and positions of responsibility that need to be hard work carry out to people who are incompetent and ineffectual to bear the burden required and thus the failure and a waste of time and money at the expense of other citizens. One of the rea sons also bring alien workers without statistical studies and conscious to preserve the rights of citizens in the percentage of jobs available in the state.Through the above discussion of the problem and the reasons for their formation can be ascertained that the fundamental solution is to work on studies and statistics include all the emirates and the development of a future plan, taking into account the current situation and how to deal with him, and directing all state institutions, public and private cooperation and coordination to develop appropriate solutions.Distribution of roles between the emirates to make progress on the economic level in terms of geographic scope and manner of economic activity and also to reduce to bring foreign workers would help alleviate the problem relatively. It is also clear to the countrys lack of national cadres and high-value intellectual and global experience a significant impact on the incidence and the continuing problem of unemployment and others.

A Letter of Advice to Nhs Litigation Authority on Clinical Neglgence Case of Missed Fractured Scaphoid Bone

To NHS litigation Authority, Re Chandler Bing v Friends wellness NHS Foundation assert Dear Sir/ Madam, Thank you for your referral of the slip of paper concerning Mr. Chandler Bings missed rift practiceed prink received on 31 fantastic 2010. The retraceing is the Letter of Advice to the NHSLA concerning the above-mentioned slickness. The Claimant 1. The Claimant was born on 8 April 1969. As a result of the events referred to in their accompaniments of carry the fillant is now established by Bloomingdale Solicitors to pitch to launch a civil action against Friends health NHS Foundation Trust on 31 August 2010.The Defendant 2. The Defendant was at all relevant times responsible for the man datement control, and administration of Friends Health NHS Foundation Trust, and for the employment of doctors, nurses, and other aesculapian checkup specialist s including emergency medicine, radiology and orthopaedic surgeons at and for the purpose of the said infirmary. Duty o f c atomic number 18 3. Each of the doctors, nurses, and other staff employed at the hospital who treated the Claimant at the hospital owed the Claimant a craft of c argon. This duty included a duty in respect of a. The advice given to the Claimant . The diagnosis made in respect of the condition of the Claimant c. The treatment prescribed for the Claimant and advice as to the effect of the treatment d. The monitoring of the Claimant whilst treatment was given to the Claimant. 4. The Defendant is vicariously liable for any such(prenominal) give way of duty on behalf of any of its employees. Procedural Steps 1. Protocol Steps a. Obtaining health records to stand sufficient information to alert the health do by entrustr where an adverse outcome has been serious to request for ad hoc medical records involving the parapraxis. . Request for copies of patients clinical records with approved standard forms. c. Make sure the model records to be provided inside 40 eld of the request and for a cost non exceeding changes allowable under the Access to Health Records Act 1990. d. If the Healthcare provider fails to provide health records within 40 days, their advisers can thence apply to salute for an order for pre-action disclosure. e. If Healthcare provider considers additional health records are take aimd from a third political party, these should be requested through the patient.Third party Healthcare providers are expected to co-operate. 2. The response Letter of response a. Provide requested records and invoice for copying. b. Comments on events and/or chronology. c. If breach of duty and causation are accepted, suggestions for resolving the claims and request for further information offer to settle. d. If breach of duty and/or causation are denied, outline explanations for what line uped by Healthcare provider suggests further steps homogeneous further investigations, obtaining keen evidence, meetings, negotiations or mediation, or an invitation to issue proceedings. e.Healthcare provider should acknowledge receipt of garner of claim within 14 days of receipt. f. Healthcare provider should, within 3 months of letter of claim, provide a reasoned answer. g. If claim is admitted, then the Healthcare provider says so. h. If any part of claim is admitted, then Healthcare provider makes clear which issues of breach of duty and/or causation are admitted and which are denied and why. i. If claim is denied, include specific comments on allegation of scorn, and if synopsis or chronology of relevant events provided and is disputed, Healthcare providers version of events provided. . Additional documents, for instance, internal protocol, copies provided. k. If patient made an offer to settle at this st days as a counter-offer by supporting medical evidence, and/or other evidence in addition to claim in healthcare providers possession. l. If parties reach agreement on liability, but time is require to resolve claim, then aim to agree a r easonable period. Witness Evidence The witnesses concerned in this case include 1. Claimants family members and colleagues concerning the accused loss of function in daily activities of living. . Healthcare providers beside the medical doctor in stroke and Emergency Department, including accident and emergency doctors and consultants, radiologists, orthopaedic specialists, nurses, family doctors, etc, who befool treated the Claimant. 3. The Claimant himself. Where a witness statement or a witness compendious is not served, the party pass on not be able to call that witness to give oral evidence unless the Court allows it. Matters to be cover in the witnesss statement go forth include 1.Occupation and working ability of the Claimant, if this has changed, since the injury, antecedent occupation of the Claimant. 2. Brief description of marital and family circumstances including dates of birth of all the family members of the Claimant. 3. The Claimants amount of the duration of e vents relating to the treatment in question. Care should be interpreted to avoid importing text and phraseology from medical records or reports that the Claimant would not use in the frequent course of discussing the case. 4.If the witnesss factual medical history of events differs in any important respect from the medical records, or from the version of facts set out in the Defendant, the statement should acknowledge this and comment upon these differences. 5. The witness should describe the cause of the injury this lead include the effects on his physical condition, emotional condition, the practicalities of everyday life, the Claimants financial affairs, family life, and future plans and projects. Additional witnesses should state their race to the Claimant. If a amily member is providing a statement which is collaborative of the Claimants amount of events, the witness should confirm that he or she has read the Claimants statement and state that he or she agrees with its con tents, insofar as those within his or her knowledge. The statement should then deal with issues of which the witness can give primary evidence. Where a party is required to serve a witness statement and he is unable to obtain such a statement, for example because the witness refuses to communicate with the Defendants solicitor, he may apply to the Court for the permit to serve only a witness summary instead.This application should be made without notice. The witness summary is a summary of the evidence which would otherwise go into a witness statement, or if the evidence is not known, matters nigh which the party serving the witness summary will question the witness. Expert Evidence 1. In clinical negligence disputes, honest opinions may be needed a. On breach of duty and causation. b. On the patients condition and prognosis. c. To assist in valuing aspects of the Claims. The main expert witnesses to be considered include a. orthopedical specialists. b. Accident and Emergency sp ecialists. c. Radiology specialists. 2. The new complaisant Procedure Rules will encourage economy in the use of experts and a less adversarial expert culture. It is recognized that in clinical negligence disputes, the parties and their advisers will require flexibility in their approach to expert evidence. Decisions on whether experts should be instructed roastly and on whether reports might be disclosed sequentially or by exchange, should rest with the parties and their advisers.Sharing expert evidence may be appropriate on issues relating to the value of the Claim. However, this protocol does not attempt to be prescriptive on issues in relation to expert evidence. 3. Obtaining expert evidence will often be an expensive step and may take time, especially in specialized areas of medicine, where there are limited numbers of able experts. Patients and Healthcare providers, and their advisers, will therefore need to consider carefully how best to obtain any necessary expert help qu ickly and cost effectively. . Assistance in locating a suitable expert is getable from a number of sources. Here the NHSLA has already supplied a number of experts for this case. 5. This is a case of missed infract of the waist of the scaphoid, for a patient initially seen in the Accident and Emergency Department, is often a clinical diagnosis rather than a radiological diagnosis, because this fracture may not become apparent on an X-Ray until often a period of 10 days, and sometimes konger, has elapsed. . Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox at the base of the dorsal aspect of the thumb, or pain produced by proximal pressuring on the wrist joint in radial deviation by comparison to the unaffected side, in concert with diminished power of grip, is an quality for the forearm to be put into a scaphoid daub of Paris. 7. The patient must have the plaster checked the pastime day and will need to be X-Rayed again in 10 to 14 days if a fracture line was not initially visible. 8.When a fracture of the scaphoid is suspected, scaphoid views should be asked for. 9. The doctor at Accident and Emergency Department must ensure that 4 views have been carried out Anterior-Posterior, Lateral, Supination oblique, and Pronation oblique. 10. If there is doubt about the diagnosis or the fracture is displaced, then a to a greater extent than senior or orthopaedic opinion must be sought forthwith, otherwise a scaphoid plaster must be applied, and the patient referred to the next Accident and Emergency review clinic or fracture clinic. 11.There is a component of contributory negligence by the Claimant who insists to remove the plaster in the follow up clinic despite he was strongly advised not to do so. The effect of this contributory negligence on the Claims should be further explored and evaluated. Quantum of damages The means to calculate the quantum of damages made in this case of clinical negligence include various heads of the following damage 1. Pain, suffering and loss of amenity 2. impairment of earnings 3. Care and assistance 4. Travel and parking 5. Miscellaneous expenses.The Claims on items (1), (3), (4) and (5) are measured quite subjectively by the patient affected. The calculation of loss of earning could be done by using the Ogden tables, which are involving a set of statistical tables for use in Court case in the United Kingdom. Beside the age of this patient (Date of Birth=08/04/1969) existence 41 years old on the date of claim (that is 12-11-2010) is known, we lull need to know about the patients earning per annum, what is his occupation, whether he had any disability resulted, his qualifications, and his planned age for retirement.In case where the period of loss of earnings will continue for many years into the future, it is particular important to ensure that amount is taken of likely periodic changes to the Claimants income. The Claimant will want to time period to anticipated career progression. In such cases, the Court will either 1. Determine the average multiplicand, found upon the likely earnings throughout the period of loss, which will be applied to the full period of the loss, or 2. Use stepped multiplicands for each stage of the Claimants career. universally, this will result in a lower multiplicand at the setoff and possibly at the very end of the period of loss, with one or more higher multiplicands to represent the likely career progression that would have been followed. There is a need to interview the Claimant in more details to decide these uncertainties for a more comprehensive evaluation. Last but not least, the importance of expert evidence in such a case is vital. Medical evidence can provide an reference as to what work the Claimant will be capable of undertaking, both(prenominal) at present and in the future.This, together with evidence of the Claimants employment prospective, will assist the Court in determining what will happen to the Claimant in the future. Another means to ca lculate for the approximate quantum of the damage in this patient is to look into normal laws and journals for similar cases for comparison and a rough estimation of quantification of similar claims. In Johns v Greater Glasgow Health Board1, a 44 years old lady broke her scaphoid bones in both wrists in a fall. The fractures were only diagnosed three months later. As a result the fractures would not unit, causing free burning incapacity and pain.Bone grafting was contemplated, despite an earlier unsuccessful attempt. Held, that solatium was properly valued at 11,000 pounds with pass loss to date and for a further 4 years. In W v Ministry of Defence2, which is a case of failure to diagnose fractured scaphoid from clinical Risk 2010 Volume 16 p. 198 (by Collier et al). The case was settled concerning damages awarded to the Claimant pursuant to the delay in the diagnosis of the fracture of his hand, without which the Claimant could have avoided undergoing surgery and regained his complete and normal wrist function.W made an offer to settle in the sum of 15,000 pounds. The amount awarded to the Claimant was reduced to 9,000 pounds later further negotiation. 1. Johns v Greater Glasgow Health Board (1990) SLT 459. 2. W v Ministry of Defence (2009) MLC 1652 In B v Norfolk & Norwich University infirmary3, the Claimant, a male nurse aged 29 years, had attended the Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust by and by falling off his bike in July 2004. His left fractured scaphoid bone wad missed and a non-united scaphoid fracture with humpback deformity and associated ligament damage had occurred.The Claimant thus made a Part 36 Offer for the sum of 14,000 pounds that was agreed with the Defendants in March 2006. In N v Pontypridd & Rhona NHS Trust4, the Claimant injured his recompense wrist in a fall whilst ice-skating on March 14, 1998. He attended the Hospitals Accident and Emergency Department and was noted as having a tender scaphoid. An X-Ray of the wr ist was taken which was interpreted as disclosing no fracture. Nonetheless the wrist was set in plaster of Paris and the Claimant released. On March 19, 1998, the Claimant re-attended the Hospitals Accident and Emergency Department still in pain.The cast was upstage no X-Ray was repeated. The Claimant was given tubi-grip dressing and told to exercise the wrist. On April 29, 1998, the Claimant attended a different Hospital complaining pain and swelling over scaphoid region. X-Ray showed a fracture of scaphoid bone in his right dominant hand. On May 29, 1998, the fracture showed sign of delayed union. As a result, a settlement of total damage of 12,500 pounds general damage of 8,000 pounds, and special damage for income loss and care of 4,500 pounds were awarded.In P v United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust5, the Claimant was involved in a fracas at nightclub in Bristol and arrested for punching security camera. The Claimant attended Accident and Emergency Department at the Bristol Royal hospital on 27 May 2000 and he experienced problems relating to his right wrist. The SHO treated the injury as universe a sprain and no X-Ray was taken. The Claimants GP then identified tenderness in anatomical snuffbox. An X-Ray confirmed fracture through scaphoid being missed by Accident and Emergency Department. The Claim was finally settled for 40,000 pounds with causation proved. 3.B v Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital (2006) MLC 1350 4. N v Pontypridd & Rhona NHS Trust (2003) MLC 1031 5. P v United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust (2004) MLC 1159 QBD Settlement Where a Claimant has received aver Benefits as a result of a disease and is subsequently awarded compensation, the Department for Work and Pension (DWP) will seek to recover these benefits from the Defendant via a system operated by the Compensation Recover Unit (CRU). The CRU is also responsible for collecting from a Defendant the cost of any NHS treatment that a Claimant has received following a clinical negligen ce.Notifying the DWP Section 4 of the 1997 Act requires the compensator to inform the DWP not later than 14 days after receiving the Claim. The Notification should be made on lick CR1 which is sent to the DWP. On receipt of attain CRU1, the CRU will send Form CRU4 to the Defendant. The Claim then progresses to the settlement stage. When ready to make an offer of compensator, the compensator submits form CRU4 to obtain a Certificate. The CRU acknowledges receipt of form CRU4 within 14 days. The CRU sends the Certificate to the compensator- a copy will also be sent to the Claimants solicitor.The compensator will then settle the compensation claim and pay the relevant amount to the DWP within 14 days of the settlement. The compensator will also complete and send to the DWP Form CRU102 detailing the outcome of the Claim. The rules relating to recovery of benefit apply to clinical negligence claims. Due to their complexity, especially relating to causation, the CRU has set up a special ist group to deal with the claims, and makes a special request their compensators inform the CRU about clinical negligence claims as soon as the pre-action correspondence is received.Part 36 Offer A party who wishes to make a Part 36 Offer must first apply for a Certificate of Recoverable Benefit from the CRU. Although Part 36 does not spell it out , guidance from case law suggests that the offer should therefore particularize the various heads of damage, and indicate the amount of benefits to be deducted against each head. mediation The parties should consider whether some form of Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedure would be more suitable than litigation, and if so, endeavour to agree which form to adopt.Both the Claimant and Defendant may be required by the Court to provide evidence that alternative means of resolving their dispute were considered. The Courts take the view that litigation should be a last resort, and that claims should not be issued prematurely when a settle ment is still actively being explored. Parties are warned that if the protocol is not followed, then the Court must have regard to such carry on when determining costs. mediation is one option for resolving disputes without litigation it is a form of facilitated negotiation assist by an independent neutral party.The Clinical Disputes Forum has published a guide to mediation which will assist, available at www. clinicaldisputesforum. org. uk The Legal Services Commission has published a booklet on Alternatives to Courts, CLS impart Information Leaflets 23, which lists a number of organizations that provide ADR services. It is expressly recognized that no party can or should be forced to mediate or enter into any form of ADR. (Total 3000 words) Bibliography 1. Lewis Clinical Negligence A Practical Guide, 6th edition, Tottel Publishing. . Khan M, Robson M, Clinical Negligence, 2nd edition, Cavendish Publishing. 3. Powers and Harris Clinical Negligence, 3rd edition, Butterworths. 4. Woolf S (1995) Access to referee Interim Report HMSO. 5. Woolf S (1996) Access to Justice Final Report HMSO. 6. (1999) The Civil Procedure Rules HMSO. 7. making Amends, at www. dh. gov. uk 8. NHS Redress Bill at www. publications. parliment. uk 9. Civil Litigation Handbook by Woolf, shaper Justice Burn, Suzanne Peysner John (2001), The Law Society. 10. A. A. S.Zuckerman, Ross Cranston (1995), Reform of Civil Procedure- Essays on Access to justice, Oxford University Press. 11. The Judicial Studies Board, Guidelines for the perspicacity of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases, 9th edition, Oxford University Press. 12. Personal Injury & Clinical Negligence hoodlum Conditions The Lawyer 10/10/05, www. lexisnexis. com 13. Opinion Edwina Rawson The Lawyer 26/09/05, www. lexisnexis. com 14. Butterworths Risk Assessment in Litigation Conditional Fee Agreements, Insurance and Funding, David Chalk 15.The Law Society Conditional Fees A option Guide, Napier and Bawdon 16. The Law S ociety Civil Litigation Handbook, Peysner. 17. Mediating Clinical Negligence Claims, Roger Wicks, www. medneg. com articles 18. Guide to Mediation, www. clinical-disputes-forum. org. uk 19. Guide to Mediating Clinical Negligence Claims, www. clinical-disputes-forum. org. uk 20. Kemp and Kemp The Quantum of Damages, Sweet and Maxwell. 21. Medical Litigation Online, www. medneg. com 22. AvMA Medical and Legal Journal 23. General Damages the NHS Case, Philip Havers Q.C. and Mary ORourke, Quantum, Sweet & Maxwell (2000) 24. Practice Direction at www. justice. gov. uk 25. NHSLA website www. nhsla. com 26. Civil Procedure Rules at www. justice. gov. uk 27. Pre-action Protocol for the Resolution of Clinical Disputes and Practice Direction Protocols, www. justice. gov. uk 28. Guidelines on Experts Discussions in the setting of Clinical Disputes, Clinical Risk (2000) 6, 149-152 29. The Draft Guidelines On Experts Discussions in the Context of Clinical Disputes (published by the Clinical D isputes Forum) 30.Part 36 and its Practice Direction, www. justice. gov. uk. 31. The NHS Redress Act 2006 can be found online at www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/2006/44 32. Johns vs Greater Glasgow Health Board, (1990) SLT 459, www. medneg. com 33. W v Ministry of Defence, (2009) MLC 1652, www. medneg. com 34. B v Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital (2006) MLC 1350, www. medneg. com 35. N v Pontypridd & Rhona NHS Trust (2003) MLC 1031, www. medneg. com 36. P v United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust (2004) MLC 1159 QBD, www. medneg. com

Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Salamander Surgery - Essay ExampleUtilitarian philosophy upholds the rule of friction match consideration of interests such that all things being equal utmost consideration should be devoted to that which would bring the most happiness and benefit and would ca drop less pain and suffering.This assumes that creatures of equal characteristics should be inclined equal consideration.Australian philosopher Professor Peter Singer in 1975 in a landmark denomination All beasts are Equal (475) argues that discriminating against animals as different from humans is nothing different from racism and sexism. There is a lack of consideration for some others who may be different in some aspects unless are similar in some. He calls this speciesism, originally quoting Dr. Richard Ryder, referring to the attitude of bias towards the interest of members of ones own species and against those members other species.Citing Jeremy Bentham, founder of the reforming utile school of moral philosophy, Singer contends that the capacity for suffering and enjoyment forms the basis for equal consideration of humans and animals. ... If racists violates the principle of equality by their prejudice against those of other races, and a sexist violates this analogous principle by favoring the interests of the members of the same sex, similarly speciesists, without considering that both animals and humans are capable of experiencing pain and suffering, allows the evolution of other species for their own species benefit.However, the utilitarian perspective may also be purposed to justify the use of animals in research to some extent. This opinion considers the benefit of animal research in the scientific sphere of influence over the cost imposed on animals. Ironically as opposed to anti-speciesist stance of Singer, it is the significant differences amidst humans and animals such as higher cognition and language ability that forms the basis of this justification. Critics of this variati on of utilitarian view maintain that it is unjust to justify animal research with that argument as it supposes that animals are volition participants in research oblivious of the real costs of their involvement (Kimmel, 251). The Rights ArgumentThe main argument against the use of animals in research as articulated by Tom Regan in his article The Case for Animal Rights (1985) is that all beings equally share an inherent look upon as living creatures. Recognition of this inherent value as individuals can lead to recognition of animals of their right to be treated with respect and not inflicted with all pain or anguish. Regan as a self confessed animal rights advocate calls for the following goals (481) The total abolition of the use of animals in scienceThe total dissolution of commercial animal agricultureThe total riddance of commercial and sport hunting and trappingRegan attacks the

Will the XM25 replace the M203 Grenade launchers Essay

Will the XM25 replace the M203 Grenade slings - Essay ExampleThe war machine denies the rumors, but perhaps it might be better to consider the criteria of reliability, durability and affordability of both systems to prove that the XM-25 grenade rocket launcher will not replace the M203. The reliable old M203 Grenade Launcher has proven itself in just well-nigh every corner of the world. Over twenty countries friendly to the United States employ the M203, or a discordant thereof. Manufactured by Colt, the M203 has seen struggle with the US from the humid jungles of Viet Nam right on through to the present twenty-four hours in the Middle Eastern deserts, along with its newer counterpart, the M203A1 (for the M4). The launcher has proven extremely reliable in completely manners of weather conditions and weigh in at light 3 pounds. On the other hand, the XM25 forbid Defilade Target Engagement System shows its reliability in its characteristics. It is currently being manufactured b y German arms giant Heckler and Koch, in partnership with the US based Alliant Tech Systems (ATK). The weapon does thusly resemble something futuristic and at fourteen pounds with rounds it is much heavier than the M203. Yet the modern advances of the launcher argon incredible. For mavin thing it has an interchangeable magazine that holds up to four rounds, so single shot is no daylong an obstacle. For another, instead of the old-fashioned quadrant sights on previous grenade launchers, the XM25 is fitted with a thermal sight device resembling a scope, with night capabilities. The M203 has showed its durability since it replaced the M79, which was a stand-alone weapon and the grenade launcher was its singular purpose. Recognizing that the grenadier was vulnerable during a absquatulatefight, the US Army developed the M203. Its over and under style fit under the standard M16 give way (and later under the newer M4), therefore giving the soldier the ability to fire grenades at a av er of up to 350 meters and still having the small arms capability and reassurance offered by the M16. The grenadiers rate of fire for the launcher was hampered only by his own ability to load the weapon, as it fires one round at the time. Its large bore makes cleaning relatively easy and the unit armorer can do most(prenominal) maintenance on the weapon, including disassembly and removal. Eight different forty mm grenade types have been developed for the launcher. 1 However it is what the sights are fitted into that makes the XM25 so durable and has the Army gushing as to its valuable assistance in the GWOT. The Target Acquisition Fire Control System (TAFCS) allows the operator to send the round down rank with radio controlled precision. For example, grenadier can take out an enemy firing from inside a window, adjusting the hurl so that the grenade can go through the frame, explode, and still maintain the integrity of the building. The XM25 uses a 25 millimeter grenade system tha t even includes a thermobaric grenade specific for use in caves, particularly useful in Afghanistan and the launcher is accurate at ranges of up to 700 meters. Finally, the cost of the M203 is very affordable in comparison to the XM-25. The M203 is only $1800.00 dollars. If combat tests work out with the division, the Army plans to buy 12,500 units of the XM25 in 2012, one for each squad. At over $30 thousand a copy the XM25 is expensive, as are the rounds at $25 apiece. The cost almost multiply from one to the other. This alone is a serious increase in budget cost, and can be a huge dilemma for the economy. Even after all the aforementioned, the XM25 will not replace the M203. Although the 101st grenadiers are so impressed with it they often carry no extra weaponry. Indeed, both weapons will