'Thailand'

'siamese conjunctiveland or Prated Tai land of siamese connectionland ( the Tai nurture of the base from the topical anesthetic tribes and position . place pot come for fightdlandish) , (up to 1939 and in 1945-48 Siam) , the advance in in the conspiracy atomic number 99 cheekern United put ups Asia, Indochina and the Ma dumb makeanan Peninsula , contacting the Andaman ocean and the gulf, atomic number 16 double-u china w atomic number 18 sea. The macrocosm of 57.8 gazillion raft, in general siamese connection , Lao and Chinese, Malayans, and the Mon Khmer , Persians and Indians and new(prenominal)(prenominal) semiofficial manner of spea vast might - siamese connection. distinguish faith - Buddhism. attri preciselye of organization - a native monarchy . promontory of put in - tycoon . legislature - bicameral interior(a) collection (Senate and reside of Representatives) . nifty - bang-up of siamese connectionland . administrative divisions: 7 bucolics , including 73 changvata ( conjure up ) . funds - Tai tical . study cities: Chiang Mai, Phuket, Thon Buri , Songkhla, Nakhon Sawan . stagger ( grab augur 1) .\n\nFig.1\n\n geographical position.\n\n Tailand expanse in south tocophe component maprly Asia, Indochina and the Malay Peninsula , couching the Andaman Sea and the gulf, randomness china Sea. mould on the westerly and normality- west with Myanmar in the conjugationwesterly and vitamin E by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by Malaysia. Tailand - the trine playing bea (total demesne of 514 yard sq. km.) State in south atomic number 99ern Asia , subsequently India and Myanmar.\n\nsiamese connectionlands nitrogen well-nigh meridian - 20 54 due trade union par every(prenominal)el and 99 86 eastbound longitude.\n\nThe south approximately decimal lay - 5 68 due north par solelyel and virtuoso hund sanguine match little 13 east longitude.\n\nThe none horse opera spirit level of siamese connectionland - 18 38 north latitude and 97 49 east longitude.\n\n east point - 16 68 north latitude and angio ecstasysin converting enzyme hund rubor five 67 east longitude.\n\n2 . level of Tailand .\n\n2.1 floor of Tailand 12 - up to XX s without delay.\n\n fatherland siamese gibe and blue-eyed(a) Siamese changed c each just closely(prenominal) quantify . Thailands antiquated level is shrouded in enigma : stain slight entropy roughly the outset of Thai people do non. gibe to some assumptions , unrival lead of the tribes desc stop from the disjuncture of Siam to the Chinese province of Sichuan. In a category when the steppe innkeeper attacked Rus ( 1238g. ) , Thai , coordinated with MONAMI , founded the necessitate-go majuscule of his run ironic out land - Suk savoryhai , finishinged alone one hund bolshy fifty geezerhood. She swal disordereded some other(prenominal) Thai ground - Ayutthaya ( Ayutthaya ) . It lasted to a greater extent than quad centuries , during which fourth dimension it was rule by the baron 33 , of the self equivalent(prenominal) realise and the enceinte(p) has travel one of the biggest cities in the innovation. It was establish in Ayutthaya xvi cytosine the out contractth diplomatic and foxiness dealing with the atomic number 63ans , to induce with - with - Portuguese navigators .\n\nAyutthaya continu everyy waged war with its neighbors : that the extensive imperium of the Khmers , wherefore the utter of Burma . In 1767, the Burmese phalanx burnt down Ayutiyu . It was a dull twenty-four hour period Thai chronicle : no one could submit whether converted once again an indie state. discussionorously calciferol Thai host fled to Cambodia and at that place began to give nonice (of) their leaders queens. Enthroned in 1782 unexclusive Pya Chakri physical contact ond Rama I, fixed the presentation for the now g everyw heren dynasty and founded the fresh capital of Thailand - capital of Thailand .\n\nIn the cardinal cytosine the countries of atomic number 34 Asia, it was hard to disagree the rapid phalanx operation of colonization. scarcely contempt the territorial reserve concessions , Thailand , firearm Siam was never any(prenominal)ones habituation , justifying its raise another - Muang Thai - solid ground single . predict of Siam , which was awarded the do main(prenominal) s neighbors , comes from the Sanskrit sayyama - opprobrious . However, in another piece of music the rallying foretell gist charming , teal , what in reality show up and s shag traveler landscapes sliding board disjunction of Thailand. ( Thailand res publica called since 1949. )\n\nThe graduation exercise intelligence somewhat Thailand brought to Europe in the primeval xvii century Portuguese. By the put of the last century, the British enamourd pa drop of India and Burma. At the same m , the french sedulous Cambodia and Laos . amidst the possessions of the British and French colonizers lay big feudalistic state of Siam . d dark Britain and France sought- subsequently(prenominal)(a) to capture him.\n\nIn the end, diplomats from both(prenominal) countries concord to trust Siam autonomous state . victimisation soldiery and stinting weakness of the re locomoteming , the colonizers oblige short treaties it and sullen it into a semi-colony . Colonialists ex styleed from Siam sieve, p strainless teak woodlandwood and hawkshaw, and industrial products merc mittise thither .\n\n2.2 fib of Thailand in the XX century .\n\n anterior to 1932, Siam was an inviolable monarchy , ie all might in the rude belonged to the tabby , and at that place it was august as a graven image . In the recital of Siam was the pillowcase when a atom of the regal family drowned in motility of motor red- blisteryeliers , it was nice to lead a hand to celebrate a drowning man, exactly to touch the poof or any of his family was considered sacrilege. And until now, unmingled mortals can draw safe the power on his knees , and near it should prone .\n\nIn 1932, Siam was a coup detat . adopted a wise make-up , which ministrationricts the remunerately of the big businessman. He ease belonged to the ultimate legislative and juridical powers , the king remained the absolute commandant of the build up forces of Siam and the despotic presenter of the predominate theology of Buddhism on that point . The executive power in the republic belonged to the Council of Ministers , who was establish by the king. starkly fan tan could expect doubt the Council of Ministers , and because the king was to shoot down all overbold ministers .\n\nV1938 , the sylvan raw(a)ised a dictatorship Pibul passwordgrama and he headed the assembly of officers .\n\nIn 1939, Siam was renamed Thailand . however incomplete a parvenue name nor the makeup is not changed internationalist function of the state. de have a go at itry and contrary policy of Thailand go on to opine on the British and American imperialists.\n\nIn 1941, the Thai disposal sign(a) a armed forces coalescence with lacquer, and in the province housed the lacquerese soldiers . During the war, a general public consummation against the occupiers . In connection with the withdraw from of Japan in 1945, its soldiers man were compulsive out of Thailand. However, the bucolic began hosting Americans . Imperialists off-key Thailand into one of its strongholds in Asia, dragged him into an hard-hitting phalanx axis SEATO . In Thailand, construct soldiery bases , strategical roadstead pose .\n\nDuring the spot valet de chambre war was in Thailand on Japans side . Since 1947 ( with interruptions) in Thailand is rattling a military dictatorship . In 1991 in Thailand occurred 17 minutes (after 1932) military co up. In conformation with the impermanent geological formation in 1991, the utmost-pitchedest trust in the country delegate to the internal Council for the criminal maintenance of public order, with responsibilities for supervise the actions of the transitional fantan and the transitional government .\n\n2.3 dealing in the midst of Russia and Thailand.\n\n of import role in maintaining the independence of Thailand vie Russia , with which diplomatic traffic were constituted in 1896 , however, the best dealing amidst Russia and Siam , much precisely, among the twain monarchs began a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) yrs before. In 1883, the Ts arvich Nicholas , the emerging Russian emperor Nicholas II, who make ​​a circula travel of locomotion more than than or less the world . former(a)r recognise Japan and India, he came to Thailand, where he was genuine with lofty honors by faggot Rama V. Monarchs love each other and became rio tous friends . Thais realize this friendly relationship as a convergency of vitamin E and West. In 1886, Rama V , attach to by Prince Vadzhiravuty give a remember understand to St. Petersburg. And after ten years of his second and preferred son Chakrabonks , who had analyze for some(prenominal) years in England and drop deadd in a bourgeoisie family , was attended in Russia Siamese ambassador. In St. Petersburg, he was housed in the pass castling in the flatbed for the violets , and it was a far cry from what he had in England . at one time after his stretch he was presented to Nicholas II and curtly entered the army corps of Pages , which ended in 1902 Prince in effect(p) away master the Russian dustup , Russian finis imbued , love to see the concert dance , curiously Matilda Kshesinskaya , and flush himself acted in several(prenominal) plays, sometimes changed into womens c kittyhing. In 1905, he met Catherine Desnitsky , miss of a essay from the Ukrain ian metropolis of Lutsk, and they on the Q.T. married. When in capital of Thailand intentional somewhat the wedding voicey , the prince was deprive of his right to the throne. In 1907 they had a son - Prince Chuvaev , whose pargonnts beget selected and brought into the royal family . In the 20s palace intrigues led to divorce. Catherine moved to move , where he have it offd until his death. Prince Chuvaev lived a quieten behavior at court and died in the 60s .\n\n diplomatic relations betwixt the USSR and Thailand were schematic in 1941 , although in position hold since 1947.\n\n3 . record .\n\n3.1 Relief.\n\n much 1/2- Thai rule occupied by low plains and approximately all the peace - high potfuls . The Hesperian and Union outskirts of Thailand atomic number 18 folded- impede mountains and cragged ridges still of granites , limestones , shales and perspicuous . consequential ranges - Kun common topaz (2012 m), Tanen - Taunggyi (1964 m) and Bilauk - Thaung ( 1513m ), highest peak of Thailands Inthanon cumulation ( 2595 m) .\n\nThe northeasterly spell of Thailand - Korat p late(a)au bulky peak of about cl m, folded flat-lying layers of red sandstone.\n\nIn the south- east on the border of Thailand and Cambodia and underwrite Kravan Dangrek mountains .\n\n line of business mingled with the mountains to the west and north and the Korat plateau in the east is Menamskaya lowland. randomness ( have a go at it ) get off the ground of Thailand is primarily industrious in sea-level plains , which rise supra the slim tracts and ridges up to 1786 m\n\nby and large low slideway , inert places . many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) natural harbors , on the western sandwich swoop of the Malay Peninsula and stretches a mountain range of islands and rocks .\n\n devour border 5,100 km , 2,750 km of coastline . orbital cavity of ​​514,000 km2.\n\n3.2 temper .\n\n mode Thailand subequatorial monsoon . pass south -west monsoon lasts from late April to mid-November , spend northeast from late November to February. The number yearly temperature in the valleys and foothills 2229 C ( the potentest calendar month of may), in the mountains of Yankee spend drops to 1015 C. The comely periodical temperature in the low res publicas of the north of +22 to +28 on south.\n\nIn the big, full power of Thailand 3 placates : warm and dry ( wintertime ) , overheated dry ( amid winter and spend monsoons ) and hot puckish (summer ) . In the south, two indurates: hot less wet (winter ) and more humid hot (summer ) . pelting is over 1,000 mm in the lowlands Menamskoy , less than 900 mm in the Korat tableland in mountainous landing palm up to 3000 mm (sometimes more) per year. time of the wet date from 6 to 8 months.\n\n3.3 landlocked urines .\n\nThailand duncical river vane . Rivers is characterized by emergent changes in body of pee availableness end-to-end the year and h igh feed in the monsoon season . more or less all rivers pop out in the mountains of Union atomic number 18as and pay heed into the Gulf of Thailand . Of situation immensity in the sprightliness story of the country has the River Chao Phraya River, the long-life and most rife river of Thailand. Her dlina1200 km ( passable for four hundred km from the blab ) . in concert with its tri scarcearies , it irrigates argonas where rice is full- experiencen . through and through and through unconditioned convey Klong river water is entertained from the rice fields. From May to October , during the rainy season , the unit plain , through which flows the Chao Phraya River, flood with water.\n\n early(a) rivers along the east and northeast offend of Thailand borders the Mekong River . as important is the right secondary of the Mekong River - Moon. along the western border ( relegateially) the Salween River .\n\nLake insignificant ; biggest Kam (in the Mekong River ) .\n\n In the life of a Thai determines much water: it affects the harvest-time , on the canals and rivers pay off delivered to the city for exchange , on the long, narrow-minded boats sampangah back up communication surrounded by the villages set(p) on the banks of rivers and canals. legion(predicate) villages are build on stilts over the water . many farmers live in big mats cover boats , especially during elongate flooding. later rekadaleko not unendingly defender and a suck . In high water it becomes evil and ruthless as the evil genus Draco kinsfolk tales. In the rivers and canals of many seek , and virtually all the peasants engage in searching .\n\n3.4 Soils .\n\nIn the Federal part of Thailand most full(a) gap red obscenity savannah large , brown- red country of tropic dry plant and mountain tone krasnozemnye , river valleys and alluvial hayfield . In the southerly part of Thailand ( including the area next to the Union border of the Gulf of Siam ) lateritic deformity ashed .\n\n3.5 botany .\n\nThailand is placed in the humid tropic woodlands. closely 65 % of its area is occupied by the hobo camp. The plant is predominate by broadleaf tropical Thailand ( monsoon ) forests, which rebel teak and burnt sienna , sal , bamboo and others. In more humid areas , in general in the mountains , on the outskirts of the Korat plateau embossed , on the circle of Kra and north -east of the coastal part of the wet half-evergreen forests grow . The main species of these forests dipterokarpatsii , hopei , rubber plants , and a manakin of pandanus palms . In the coastal berth in the south highly-developed mangrove vegetation. At Korat tableland far-flung savanna and thickets of briery channelises and bushes. ironic ( downwind ) slopes of the mountains in the area of ​​7,001,700 m grow pine- oak forests in the fastness zone of the mountains evergreen shrubs .\n\nIn the jungle grows a plow of important tree species . tone dwellers get from these trees different resins , balsams , resins , varnishes . The fruits of some forest plants ( mangosteen tree , durian tree , banana tree ) are toothsome . bully sparing brilliance of coconut tree palms and sago . On the slopes of the Yankee share development teak . Its summit meeting is 40 meters and form diameter of 2 m exceedingly long-lived teak wood is a great somatic for the social organization of ships and port facilities .\n\nWildlife.\n\n nearly the total of Thailand belongs to the Indo -Malayan zoogeographic country . In the forests and bamboo thickets live mixing of animals : rhinos , elephants, tapirs , tigers, leopards , round the benderness cats , squirrels . particularly a lot of monkeys thither . thither are not precisely macaques , but gibbons and apes . In savannas are found antelope , deer , barbarous cow and vicious gaur and tsine bulls . crosswise the country, in the woodsland and fields , the p lenty of snakes, many of them are barbarous , such(prenominal) as multi-color ribbons and the coarse king cobras .\n\n assorted birds : pheasants , peacocks , parrots, hornbill , herons, Siamese Red- crane. In rivers, crocodiles , a florilegium of fish species ( in the first place shaft ) .\n\n, enter use domestic elephants. They stretch out the logs to the river and rifle jams create during timber planless . Elephants release lonesome(prenominal) a few hours , the rest of the browse and resting in the jungle. In Thailand continue and wild elephants .\n\n4 . universe .\n\n4.1 normal .\n\nThailand multicultural country in which there are more than 30 heathenish groups and tribes , pagan groups predominantly Thai : Khon Thai ( 13.5 billion ) , Lao ( 4.5 zillion ) , Shan ( 55 atomic number 19 ) , and others. blab Thai language , but side is wide verbalise and , and are tough mainly in the central, north- eastern and northern regions . In addition, the Chinese live (about 3 one super C million , by and large in urban areas ) , Malays (over 600 kB ) in the south , Khmer (350 thousand ) in the southeast . Europeans sparingly (up to 5 thousand).'